The Children Of Indonesi A Cultural Perspective - 1610 Words

Every childhood is unique in its own way owing to diverse socio economic and cultural influences. To understand autonomy in its truest sense, it becomes pertinent that autonomy be viewed in relation to different childhood situations. We can then see how the meaning and manifestation of autonomy mutates to suit a particular childhood situation. I have presented three diverse childhood scenarios, first about the street children of Indonesia, second about an urban American boy and the third of my own. There are many factors that play a role in the development of autonomy in children. One such factor that influences this trait is the environment of the child. The Reggio approach acknowledges the interdependence of individual and social learning and also the part culture plays in understanding this interdependence (Fraser Gestwicki, 2002). An example of this can be observed among the street children of Indonesia. The mainstream society of Indonesia largely views the existence of street children as a contradiction to their basic beliefs on family values and public order. To combat this social subordination, street children (mainly boys) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia have developed strategies of their own, one of which involves appropriation of selected areas within the city where they are able to get employment opportunities, feel secure and find means of enjoyment. These urban pockets have become a haven for these street children where they are able to cultivate an identity of

President Abraham Lincoln A Politics With A Purpose

The Late Honorable President Abraham Lincoln known as a Politics with a Purpose President Abraham Lincoln Born February 12, 1809, is a friendly, honest, win over storyteller character that the people in Indiana love to him where he grew-up. As a politician in 1830’s to 40’s he became a three times state legislature, lawyer, a supporter of Revolution against British (whig) and professional in organizing a parties, he learned to be unreveal peroson, exchange favors, manipulate the press and cultivate his his people in politics. He also most well known in all his meaningful speech that most of the present politicians are amaze and always â€Å"qouted† in their speech when they run in the election to get the people’s attention. Like on his first speech when he enter in politics he point out this â€Å"Every man is said to have his own peculiar ambition† and more like â€Å"I am for the regular nominee in all cases,† â€Å"The man who is of neither party is not and cannot be of any consequence.† because of his cha racter being hilarious and direct in his speech, He also been given named as a â€Å"Abe Lincoln the rail of splitter† for his being well off, strong republican politician men. Politics with Intention President Abraham Lincoln served for eight years as a Illinois Legislature from 1834 to 1842 in a Whig Party and two years as junior Congressman in largely Democratic Washington from (1847-1849), then he became a lawyer for five years from 1849 to 1854. Then, November, 1860 he was theShow MoreRelatedAbraham Lincoln, Slavery and the American Civil War Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagesinvestigation will analyze how Abraham Lincolns view on slavery reflected during and after the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865. To analyze exactly how Lincolns position on slavery affected the war overall, this investigation looks at Lincolns moral and religious views as well as his social and political views. Two main sources were used, both dealing with events relevant to his political career and his roots in his career and other important issues including slavery. 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There have been many revolts and rebellions, such as Gabriel’s Rebellion or Nat Turner’s Rebellion, fought over the abolition of slavery or for African Americans to be able to receive the same rights as those of white people. Many people have fought for this cause and one of those people is Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which is oneRead MoreAbraham Lincoln Has Been An Iconic Figure Of The United1538 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln has been an iconic figure of the United States. Abraham Lincoln is viewed as a political icon. He was an idealized and iconic figure in the American culture. His efforts to ends the slavery and bringing the United States to a completely new culture certainly made him a political icon. He is the only American President that is on the list when we talk about the iconic personalities. He has acquired a culturally significant sta ture in the American society. 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Avatar (2009) and Princess Mononoke (1997) Free Essays

Literature is a powerful tool that can be used to address very pertinent issues in the world today, a major concern is a human interaction with the environment and the aftermath of the interaction, CGI Avatar and Anime Princess Mononoke have been used to illustrate the effect of human interaction with the environment. The two sets are primarily meant for children who need to be environmentally conscious as they grow up. Various postulations have been used to define the relationship between human beings and the environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Avatar (2009) and Princess Mononoke (1997) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, there is a need to evaluate how literature can be used to address environmental issues, Glotfelty and Fromm (1996) state that ecocriticism revolves around establishing the relationship between various kinds of literature and the surrounding physical environment.an analogy is drawn of the way feminism examines the language and literature from a gender-based perspective is the same way ecocriticism bases its notion in an earth-anchored approach to literary studies. One of the most important aspects that can be used to dissect how human beings interact with the environment is using literature to figure out is either gender is majorly involved in the destruction of the environment or not ,as addressed by Bradford, Mallan, Stephens McCallum( 2008) Ecofeminism is viewed as , †Arising from the fusion of feminist and ecological thinking in the early 1970s, [ecofeminism] proposed that the social assumptions that underpin the domination and oppression of women are the same assumptions that bring about the abuse of the environment.† Avatar (2009) and Princess Mononoke (1997) offer contrasting views on the relationship between the environment and human beings.CGI Avatar, by James Cameron, forces the viewer to only choose between deep ecology and anthropocentrism which is environmentally destructive. Whereas Anime princess Mononoke, directed by Hayao Miyazaki tries to offer a more balanced and relatively less idealized notion as opposed to Avatar, the realistic arrangement between non-human nature and human beings. Avatar is in 3D, while Princess Mononoke is characterized by shades and nuances. Avatar is about a struggle where the victor has to destroy the competitor whereas Princess Mononoke is about a heated struggle between the conflicting parties where both sides eventually end up learning from each other. Representation of the environment in Avatar Avatar employs a Manichaean worldview (Givens and Matthew,2011) this is where two antagonistic forces viciously oppose each other and aim at being victorious over each other by elimination. Narminio and Kapell( 2011) The Na’ vi, cherish and happily live with nature characterized by religious practices that respect the environment ,they use analytical methods and instincts to understand how to coexist with the environment and at the other extreme end are the humans ,who viciously conquer new lands with paying homage or respect to the initial inhabitants ,they end up colonizing the new lands, the human beings behavior can be condensed in a western colonialism metaphor. In the first encounter, Neytiri shouts to Jake. â€Å"You have a strong heart, but you are stupid, like a child!† This modestly represents how our species coexist, Jake who is initially depicted as destructive when it comes to dealing with the environment. Whereas the Na’vi have always maintained and affirmed to the wisdom of their ancestors of always adopting deep ecology, this is despite the fact that they are not technologically endowed but they are able to interact better with the environment than humans. Human being practice shallow environmentalism, all they do as depicted by Cameron in Avatar is centered towards them. This is in contrast to the Na’vi, who always seek forgiveness for the animals they kill for food because they acknowledge they are taking away precious life. They always avoid destructive activities that affect the environment and only kill human beings when defending themselves. From this Avatar depicts that there is no sure way to interact peacefully with nature. In Avatar, the Na’vi can be depicted in terms of environmental ethics as being ‘holistic biometric’ this is because they comply with the approach. In fact, they comply thoroughly Arne Naess (2005) assertions on deep ecology as depicted below; The nurturing and flourishing of human (Na’vi) and the non-human(non-native) interaction should only benefit the Na’vi as the latter’s life form doesn’t benefit it benefits the former’s. The diversity of life forms is a catalyst that spurs the growth and development of both human life form and non-human life forms. Social justice environmentalism which can be defined as humans are obliged to ensure that they should not destroy the diversity of life forms expect if the activity is meant to satisfy very vital needs. The human being as depicted in Avatar behaves like a machine which is programmed to comply to cost benefits. What this shows is that they are ruthless colonizers who are only motivated by self-interest materialism. The notion of ethics has been mutilated in Avatar because it only defines the interaction between humans but quiet on how they should interact with the environment. Therefore, the human being as illustrated by Cameron in Avatar is a narcissistic figure, who is a cynical pragmatic and very suspicious of his environment and end up destructing it ,they do not position themselves in the role of ensuring they protect and conserve the environment ,they see them as being superior to everything and end up destroying the environment. Zeman( 2012) Avatar has clearly deviated from the expected Hollywood formula of having the Victors suffer but eventually triumph over evil. It is appalling that almost. In 99% of Avatar’s cases, humans have been depicted as not being able to evolve and live in harmony with the environment, they do not shift their beliefs to adjust to pressing issues and are highly insensitive to other issues that do not affect them directly. The movie’s plot should have ended with human beings being defeated and sent back to their original habitat. Representation of the environment in Princess Mononoke In contrast to Avatar, Mononoke’s views on the interaction between human beings and the environment are very interesting because the characters are flexible enough to shift their beliefs to suit the ever-changing dynamics of realities. At the end of the movie, the wolf-princess ends up remaining in the forest as its guardian and a fascinating turn of events is that she befriended a human being, something that at the beginning of the movie would not have been possible. Because she was furiously charging at human beings. Initially, the step of having human beings in the forest was faced with harsh criticism but later on both parties reconciled and they were able to live in together with harmony. Eboshi who was given chance to change her mindset, after being spared by Princess Mononoke agrees to change Iron Town by also considering the need to preserve it and the surrounding. Mononoke’s message which Is in contrast to Avatar is that the human character should be flexible enough to adjust to the ever-changing issues that affect the environment. However, if they cannot be intrinsically driven to do so then if it means destroying and influencing them to change cause even against their will but at the end, their character should be molded to be flexible in regards to environmental interaction. If they are able to change even if it means through suffering then it means the suffering was for a good cause. The new characters developed will be able to preserve the environment for future use. This is clearly depicted by Ashitaka who at the end says, â€Å"Even in the midst of hatred and slaughter, there is still much to live for. Wonderful encounters and beautiful things still exist.† In contrast to Avatar here, the characters define their own rigid paradigms, Princess Mononoke, flexibility in a change of beliefs encourages paradigms to shift and address the emerging issue. In Mononoke, it becomes evident that human beings are able to evolve as dictated by changing beliefs into a state of rich awareness about their interaction with the environment, this is the product of having made mistakes in the past and using them to find the right path that defines how beneficial it is to have a healthy relationship with the environment, this can be viewed as a mix of both deep ecology and shallow environmentalism. The advantage of this change in tune is that even if there are future challenges, ways will be invented to ensure that the challenge that bears conflict between human beings and the environment is amicably resolved. Because human beings inevitably have to exploit the natural resources but they should do so in a way that accommodates both the human and non-human. Princess Mononoke can be condensed in, former times, humans and nature interact in harmony but this peaceful coexistence is broken when human beings start conquering and exacting dominance over non-humans by use of guns. What follows is a conflict between nature and man, brute force is used to end the conflict since dialogue failed. The battle saw both parties losing and the iron Town was destroyed, the old forest set ablaze and this brought the forest spirit to an end. But Ashitaka and Mononoke eventually bring the peace that sees a peaceful coexistence between human and nature. In contrast to Avatar, Princess Mononoke brings forth a rather realistic lesson and effective in that it encourages both parties to acknowledge and learn from mistakes. Conclusion From the comparative analysis, it can be concluded that Avatar (2009) teaches a very poor lesson, this is because it shows that the majority of the species are incapable of constructively learning from their mistakes. It is also appalling that the mistakes mushroom to the extent that nothing can be done to change the whole situation, the film also states that those human beings who are able to adjust are those that have gone through a learning process to avert their prejudices and make their beliefs flexible in order to become a Na’vi. The movie also lets narcissism win, the individualistic nature should be shrugged because it does not shape most characters in the movie to be environmentally conscious. This is in total contrast to Princess Mononoke, this movie brings out a philosophy that should be adopted by many. Initially, there was an antagonism between human beings and entry to the forest but after some suffering and heated exchanges, it can be seen that at the end human beings were able to change their stand and addresses the need to coexist mutually and in harmony in the forest. How to cite Avatar (2009) and Princess Mononoke (1997), Papers

Design for Business Share in the Global Market

Question: Describe about the Design for Business for Share in the Global Market. Answer: A1. A huge range of the audio system, televisions, telephones, loudspeakers is sold by the BO in the April 2006. The successful selling of the DVD players, cordless telephones, home theatre system and many others showed a great interest towards using of latest gadgets among customers. The competitors like Sony, Thomson took a large competition with customer preferences, as did the outsider's company such as Apple, Microsoft, and many others with their huge marketing budget. According to Austin and Beyersporfer (2007, p.18), BO is best at their production strategy which protects their share in the global market. Many small companies have tried to imitate them but they never succeed due to the complicated understanding strategy for others, their unique materials and too expensive techniques used by BO. The other rivals are trying to catch up the position of BO by producing the new technology gadgets at a cheaper price than BO. This illusion may make the customers switch to the other companies. Moreover, the political instability and economic disorder may cause of big fluctuation risk in currency as they presently operating more than 150 countries. Therefore, they need to think about the currency fluctuation risk before entering a new market, as this is one of the main problems to be worried about. A2. The designing process of BO starts with coming up with new ideas which are mainly brought by their engineers. The engineers constantly search new idea with new technology with proper interpretation and right concept. However, BO resurfaces the rejected ideas and give those around of second or third. The second step is substance, which refers a personality with uniqueness. Usually, BO brings some cardboard to sketch their thinking. Once they pass the initial process, they go for a hardware process with the software-based environment of prototyping, which is hardly used by other companies. Then they figure out what items to be produced in what manner with the help of artisans, engineers, managers and designers. The designers get involved throughout the development. Unlike the competitors, they put the things open for applying the idea if it arises even at the end of the production line. Austin and Beyersporfer (2007, p.20) has commented that BO produces a large number of home elect ronics products at a cheaper rate, whereas the other competitors use to produce high volume products with long life and this benefit of cost segmentation share in the market makes BO unique worldwide. The firm is an 80-year-old company with a very successful design process, which changes the winning approach in the global market. A3. Strength: The greatest strengths of BO are the high-quality performance and the unique technologies, which bring their products a brand value. For their technical solutions and great designs, they have won some awards. The other main strength is the customer care and customer relationship. Usually, they offer their customers from B1 shops for which they receive the choice of getting their desired products from the spot. Moreover, they build a strong relationship with the suppliers also. A good relationship with them and retention of them decreases the complexity of searching high quality of product at a certain price without bargaining for price changing. Weakness: In 2008, they faced a huge financial crisis for which the cost of the products got higher. Nevertheless, due to the presence of other cheaper products in the market, the customers are moving to the rival companies as everyone wants to be the first in the race for the intense competition growing in the world. Moreover, the cost of labour, the stock of raw materials, higher shipping cost are also the cause of higher price of BOs product. The competitors take this advantage by offering the customers at a cheaper cost of product unlike the BOs extreme expensive items, which is gradually snatching the position of BO in the market. A4. Idea Lab was located to change the approach of designing process of BO as the number of rivals increases day by day. Everything is going digital so, the process of designing also be changed and more inspirational. Idea Lab realised that to diminish the demerits, they firstly have to communicate with the engineers and the designers. Therefore, in the eight months, they tried to find the proper way to communicate and then started cardboard models and tangible methods for designing. Idea Lab took the graphics initiative and visualisation method to build a demo facility which featured in the customer's kitchen, living room, and bedrooms. They generate new BO media techniques, which are supportable for their product integration and new interface concept. It will definitely work as it has many advantages and it is showed in the past years that the market share also has increased for adopting this policy. Nevertheless, the traditional producers are mainly from the backgrounds of cross-product software concepts. New software solutions are needed to be learned failing which the Idea Lab team would lose the software-designing link as well as the customer preferences. Moreover, they need to think about the currency fluctuation risk before entering a new market, as this is one of the main problems to be worried about. A5. BO have managed their product range into virtual space, but not totally, they have reached as the market is becoming very competitive. All are trying to invent new product with high technology at a cheaper rate. Austin and Beyersporer (2007, p.22) has commented that though they are one of the superior companies selling products physically, but are facing problem virtually. The techniques they adopting are very expensive and time taking also and in that time gap, the rival companies take the entry in the market. For an example, BO is very well established in the sound and design market both in physical and in the virtual market for their lots of experience in the past decades. Despite having so experiences, they cannot cope up with the mobile and tablet market, as there exists a much rapid change; every day something new is coming in this technology. Therefore, it is very hard for a company to remain the same position in the competitive market. In addition, the shipping charges, g overnment rules, and regulations, cost of labour, logistics of raw materials make an incensement in the cost of production. The competitors take this advantage by offering the customers at a cheaper cost of product unlike the BO's extreme expensive items, which is gradually snatching the position of BO in the market. Reference list Austin, R. and Beyersporer, D. (2007). Bang and Olufsen: Design Driven Innovation. Harvard Business School. 1(1), pp.17-22.

The New York Times Market and Financial Performance

The New York Times market and financial performance depends on how the publishing company conducts its marketing, value creation and customer service. The proprietor of the publishing company has a choice to ensure that marketing becomes a core philosophy in achieving organizational goals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The New York Times Market and Financial Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, the company’s new perspective on marketing should refocus in understanding the fundamental concepts of effective management. Already, the New York Times is perceived as a household name among other mainstream media companies (The Future of the New York Times, 2005, para. 2). In this regard, an effective marketing strategy should aim to achieve an appealing effect among its target markets. Using a competent marketing staff to complement the research and development outfit in creating the com pany’s marketing mix is necessary (McDonald Wilson, 2011). Understanding marketing fundamentals like the target market is critical when avoiding wastage. In this regard, establishing a target market and learning the consumer behavior provides an input when strategizing on customer service and product development. Moreover, understanding the target market in relation to developing a marketing mix is essential for a publishing company that is reviving its financial capabilities. The marketing mix provides information required for the publishing company when respond to uncontrollable factors such as the economy, technology, diverse cultures and politics (Gilligan Hird, 2012). Many activities in marketing requires much research and input before a real decision making process is initiated. For example, an environmental and consumer analysis precedes product and price planning. In addition, products cannot be promoted before planning on physical distribution channels.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The New York Times requires a new approach towards identifying opportunities and identifying market potential. In this regard, the use of PEST analysis plays a crucial role in understanding and predicting the company’s performance when subjected to prevailing, political, economic, social and technological issues. In this context, the New York Times involvement with political issues requires a redress. Perhaps, reporting on issues that do not cause a political outrage can uplift the company’s sales, as well as profits. Constant reviewing of the company’s budget against the prevailing economic situation is paramount as it helps in preventing a possible financial bankruptcy. Assessing social issues and technological changes is vital in a company striving to improve on its financial stability. In general, marketing management should focu s on reducing wastage, creating value and making profits. As indicated earlier, creating a culture of customer service in the communication industry is necessary. For a company to become competitive in the market with many players, distinction through customer service is considered an advantage. From this perspective, the New York Times customer service requires rebranding (Kietzmann, Hermkens, McCarthy Silvestre, 2011). A competitive customer service requires an inquest on how clients perceive value. In this regard, delivering of products and services that appeal to customers is crucial. For example, rebranding the brand image of the New York Times newspapers and magazines cover page can achieve the customer perceived value. Another strategy of creating value is through product pricing. A comparative study on what customers consider a fair price should be initiated.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The New York Times Market and Financial Performance specifica lly for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, using psychological pricing tactics has always been considered effective. It is important to note that customer service is best achieved through total quality management. In this context, total quality management will involve production and delivery of quality material content. Moreover, the delivery of value-added products and services requires the value chain analysis. Precisely, this is to determine cost-benefit analysis as it relates to the existing core competencies in order to accrue profits. As indicated earlier, The New York Times is considered part of the mainstream media companies. Therefore, competing with rising digital media is difficult and challenging. However, with the right structures in place, the New York Times can still make an impact and compete with digital media. The need to conduct a benchmark in what entails new practices can be considered a proactive reaction towards digital media competition. The company’s management understands the loss accrued due to stiff competition from digital media. In this regard, establishing an online-based news application can refocus the company’s media practices. However, this initiative would lead to loss of jobs in the company. Consequently, this means that the company loses its stature as a reputable media company with competent journalists. It is important to note that digital media does not concentrate on quality, as emphasized by the New York Times. However, the company can control the competition by merging with one of the digital media companies (Kietzmann, Hermkens, McCarthy Silvestre, 2011). The New York Times is renowned for its market tactics of acquiring aspiring companies. The initiative would ensure that the company benefits from digital media without losing on revenues collected from advertisements.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In conclusion, the New York Times remains one of the most respected media companies in the world. In fact, the shift from mainstream media practices to digital platforms as evidenced from online newspapers indicates that the company continues to survive the test of time. In this regard, it is evident that strong leadership that understands evolution of industrial trends, markets, technology and customer service is imperative. References Gilligan, C., Hird, M. (2012). International marketing (RLE international business): strategy and management. New York, NY: Routledge. Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I. P Silvestre, B. S. (2011). Social media? get serious! understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Business horizons, 54(3), 241-251. McDonald, M Wilson, H. (2011). Marketing plans: How to prepare them, how to use them. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. The Future of the New York Times. (2005). Web. This essay on The New York Times Market and Financial Performance was written and submitted by user Galilea L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Popular Food - Mandarin Chinese Vocabulary

Popular Food - Mandarin Chinese Vocabulary Chinese food is one of the most popular types of cuisine worldwide. Its no wonder! Chinese food is tasty, healthy, and the wide variety means theres something for every taste. As with many cultural exports, the names of some Chinese dishes have changed by the time they arrived in other countries. So if you visit China or Taiwan, you may find that the names of dishes are unfamiliar. List of Popular Chinese Food Names If you visit a Mandarin-speaking country, this list of popular Chinese food dishes will help when it comes time to ordering food. The items have been roughly arranged by type of food. Click on the links in the Pinyin column to hear the audio. English Pinyin Characters boiled dumplings shu jio sticky buns mn tou steamed stuffed bun bo zi fried noodles cho min plain noodles yng chn min fried rice noodles cho m fn steamed white rice bi fn sushi shu s vegetarian platter s sh jn white radish patty lubo go spicy tofu m p dufu beef and rice niru fn egg omelet dn bng chicken leg and rice j tu fn Peking duck bi jing koy pork chop and rice pig fn fish cooked in soy sauce hng sho y fried rice with shrimp xi rn cho fn crab png xi egg and vegetable soup dnhutng seaweed soup z ci tng hot and sour soup sun l tng

German Civilization(New German Cinema) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

German Civilization(New German Cinema) - Essay Example After the World War II, German film industry was in great turmoil due to the division of Germany wherein many people got separated from their families. Most films in 1950s were characterized as ‘escapist’ entertainment by critics because they shied away to address contemporary issues although they remained popular among German audience. However, with the advent of television box-office collection of such films began falling drastically and cinemas began to close. At the beginning of 1960s, German film industry became not only economically vulnerable due to lack of creative and artistic touch but was struggling for its survival. That is evident from the fact that in 1961, none of the German film got entry at the prestigious Venice Film Festival. That was also the time when the German market was largely in control of Hollywood movies. Film industry, especially young and talented film makers greatly needed financial support without which it was impossible for them to either make films or compete with Hollywood films in German market due to latter’s financial strength. The German governments support in this respect providing financial stability to the New German Cinema came very handy. Many makers of the New German Cinema also collaborated with the German TV. This is in sharp contrast with Hollywood movies where they compete with local TV for audience. The German governments support to the New Cinema through tax reliefs and bank credits made it possible for young makers to produce some of the great movies. Thus, the New German Cinema not only survived on government funding and support but prospered too – to be touted as National Cinema. Many films in The New German Cinema ran packed houses around the world. In ot her words, it helped made the national cinema popular internationally. The Oberhausen Manifesto is known as the beginning of the New German Cinema. Films made during this era made a clear departure from traditional cinema –

Service Delivery Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Service Delivery Model - Essay Example rces of managing the facilities and services demanded, allocation and appointment of brilliant and experienced staff members at various positions, total cost, quick and comprehensive conducting and displaying of facilities and showing neatness, appropriateness and decorum in every activity and service being offered. Quick and immediate response to the suddenly appeared problem as well as to combat with the uneven situation also include in the broad concept of service delivery. Since the present study has been focused on the services being offered by Baderman Island Resort to the wide range of its clients for event conducting, the following things are required from the event management organization: Conclusion: To conclude it becomes evident that service delivery model presents a comprehensive picture of the exercising of services rendered by the resort for its guests. The Baderman Island Resort has to make hard and sincere efforts for providing its 800 guests with a comfortable, luxurious and lavish atmosphere during their stay at the resort. The most important matter before the management is allocation of right person against the right place in order to meet with any challenge during the course of time. Five day really mean a lot for exercising of services to such a wide range of people, which may create many types of problems for the management in one way or the other. Maintenance of patience and dedication to the duties and obligations may be highly supportive in respect of making the event a remarkable success and a feather in the cap of the

Corporate social responsibility is likely to gain growing importance Essay

Corporate social responsibility is likely to gain growing importance for business, Discuss this statement and relate your answer to ENVIRONMENT - Essay Example This paper defines as â€Å"the commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, working with employees, their families, their local community and society at large to improve their quality of life in ways that are both good for business and development†1 especially as it is framed to accommodate the aspirations of the corporations and the local communities in which they operate. This paper further adds that, since in every society infrastructure basically represents a luxury, corporations should strive at meeting the human standards of the society in which they operate by giving back to that society all that can be considered as humanly from an ethical standpoint. But hardly this is the case. Take the case of CSR problems that arise between SHELL and the indigenes of the Niger-Delta area in Nigeria in which during operations, their main sources of livelihood (i.e. rivers and farmlands) are polluted and destroyed. These damages often lead to conflicts b etween the oil firms and the host communities. Today, the environment is facing increasing pressure from large scale and rapid industrialisation due to modernisation and globalisation that is causing heavy damage all due to mass consumption of the earth’s resources. In a bit to purify the environment, the western world government’s have enacted new environmental legislation aimed at an introduction of major new regulatory regimes such as Pollution Prevention and Control (PPC) in England & Wales, where the Environment Agency (EA) is developing new methods of environmental risk screening and targeting of regulatory effort based on the better regulation principles. Under the dynamics of globalisation, economic integration, and global environmental governance, issues of global warming and CO2 emissions have been increasing receiving attention today. This evolution has been unfolding since the 1992 Rio Conference on Environment and Development, through the 2002

History Of Fairness And Ethics Business Essay

History Of Fairness And Ethics Business Essay Fairness is a very broad concept which requires scholars to define the term fairness comprehensively and clearly because the term fairness is a dimension, meaning it is conceptual and we cannot use our senses to know what does the term actually means or set the boundary of the term. Therefore, we need to scholars to define the term and as more scholars define the term, the clearer or precise the definition will be. Taylor (1975, p. 109) defined fairness as inquisition into the character and area of morality which included rules of conduct, moral judgments and standards. Rawls (1971, p. 194) define fairness as the understanding of other peoples need. Aristotle (1968, p. 140) defines as equals should be treated equally and unequally. Plato (1974, p. 181) defines as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the requirement we laid down at the beginning as of universal application when we founded our state, or else some form of it. We lay down; if you remember and have often repeated that in our state, one man wa s to do one job, he was naturally most suited for. Cooke (2011, p. 84) defined fairness as peoples position in society which able to determine by factors within their control. From the definitions above, we can conclude that fairness is derived from several variables. Therefore, fairness consists of variables where the single variable is unable to define the term as a whole. Therefore, when the variables add up, it forms or creates the term. We can observe that the dimensions of fairness consist of needs, equal and morality. Hence, we can conclude that fairness requires the equality in the way peoples are treated and the difference in treatment are based on morally justifiable reasons such as need, effort or merit (Velasquez, Andre, Shanks Meyer, 1996). There are several types of fairness from the concept of fairness which are distributive fairness, procedural fairness and interactional fairness and Hornibrook, Fearne and Lazzarin (2009) suggested that if these three aspects of fairness are perceived positively, it will reflect to the organizational outcomes. Types of fairness 1.1 Distributive fairness Distributive fairness, a theory based on writings of John Rawls, has a major focus of distributing assets fairly among a dynamic and diverse group of members from a community. Rawls argues that everything must be done in an act of achieving fairness throughout and he did not want anything to be done that may hurt or damage another person. For example, Rawls (1971) felt that throughout a society, every demographic should be allowed the same treatment and goods as any other. Issues of distribution are pervasive in society, existing in any situation where there is an exchange type of relationship (Deutsch, 1985). Velasquez et al. (1996) refers distributive justice as the extent to which societys institutions ensure that benefits and burdens are distributed among societys members in ways that are fair and just. When the institutions of a society distribute benefits or burdens in unjust ways, there is a strong presumption that those institutions should be changed. For example, the American institution of slavery in the pre-civil war South was condemned as unjust because it was a glaring case of treating people differently on the basis of race. There are four specific principles of distributive fairness that can be considered in situations involving the distribution of material goods and resources, especially those that are scarce (Munson, 2004). The principle of equality requires that all benefits and burdens be distributed equally. The advantage to this concept of fairness is that everyone is entitled to an equal share of resources. However the principle becomes problematic when not everyone is perceived as equally deserving of an equal share. The second principle is the principle of need, which suggests that resources should be distributed based on need so that those with greater need will receive a greater share. In theory, this supports the principle of equality in that everyone will end up with the same share of goods. A problem occurs from this principles is the question of exactly what material goods and resources we are entitled to. Definitive agreement has not been reached in this society as to whether health care is such a good although Lamont (2002) argued that the poor should receive the same health care as the rich. The third principle is the principle of contribution which maintains that persons should benefit in proportion to their individual contribution. Those who contribute proportionately more to the production of goods should receive proportionately more goods in return. Finally, the principle of effort similarly recognizes the degree of effort made by an individual as the determining factor in the proportion of goods to be received. Obvious difficulties with these principles lie in defining the exact nature and impact of a contribution and accounting for the inherent differences in the outcomes of individual efforts regardless of the amount of effort spent. In organizations, distributive fairness affects performance when efficiency and productivity are involved (Charash Spector, 2001). According to Honans (1961) fairness in organizations concerns with distributive fairness that is, the manner in which organizational resources are distributed among personnel (Freedman Montanari, 1980; Leventhal, 1980) and on employees reactions to those resource distributions (Greenberg, 1982). Furthermore, performance appraisal and salary are some of the important determinants of employees perceived fairness (Lawler, 1971). Similarity, Chang and Hahn (2006) define distributive fairness as the perceived fairness of the quantity of compensation that employees get. Hence, in a business relationship, distributive fairness is based on the evaluation of the outcomes or results (Ferrell, 2010). The outcomes or results in distributive fairness may be tangible such as salary as well as intangible such as praise. Perceptions of distributive fairness can be fostered when outcomes are perceived to be equally applied (Adams, 1965). According Adams (1965) people compare the ratio of their own outcomes such as salary or promotion and inputs such as effort or qualification and make compare with others (Greenberg, 1982). On the other hand, when people perceive or expect fairness to occur, they may react positively towards the organization and recommend the organization to others, thus building on the positive image of the organization as a potential employer as well as an organization as a whole (Hà ¼lsheger Anderson, 2009). When an organization is perceived to be distributively just, employees tend to support of the organization by doing tasks outside the scope of their job description (Charash Spector, 2001; Karriker Williams, 2009) or in other word, improving perceptions of fairness increases performance (Karriker Williams, 2009). On the other hand, perceptions of distributive fairness are also strongly related also to the withdrawal of employees from the organization (Charash Spector, 2001) and the relationship between effort invested and outcome received often results in legal issues which can damage an organizations image (Anderson, 2004; Anderson, 2011; Anseel, 2011). If employee found out that he or she is being treated unfairly, he or she will be unmotivated to do the work. Suliman (2007) once said that, organizations that distributed the resources unfairly will create argument, disrespect and mistrust among them. It is because employees perceptions on distributive fairness are mainly based on comparisons with colleagues. If the comparison comes out with positive result, they will feel positive toward the organization management. Hence, the organization performance will be improved. However, if the comparison is negative, the outcome will become negative too. Therefore, managers must notice employees perceptions on distributive fairness as well as procedural fairness since these two dimensions play a main role related to intentions to quit and job dissatisfaction (Dailey Kirk, 1992). It is very important to make employees feel in part of the decision making when amending appraisal and reward systems. Organization can seek for employees opinion when making the changes to show respect to employees. 1.2 Procedural fairness According to Leventhal (1980, p. 156) procedural fairness is define as ones perception of the fairness of procedure components of the system that coordinate allocation process. Rawls (1971) argues that the procedure used is pivotal to the outcome reached and if fair procedure is utilized, principles of justice based on fairness and equality will be an inevitable result. The procedure is referring to the means whereby various ends are attained. Whether the outcomes are pay raises to be distributed to employees, labor disputes to be settled, or performance evaluations to be recorded, a key determinant of these decisions involves how they are made (Folger Greenberg, 1985). In short, procedural fairness concerns about the processes through which decisions are made from (Thibaut Walker, 1975). Thus, this concept is opposite of distributive fairness, which is concerned with the perceived fairness of the content and consequences of those decisions (Walker, Lind Thibaut, 1979). Forret and Love (2007) define procedural fairness as the perceived fairness of an organizations procedures and policies used to determine an individuals outcomes. It influences a wide range of human behaviors, perceptions, emotions, and across diverse social settings. Leventhal (1980, p. 160) define procedural fairness as ones perception of the fairness of procedure components of the system that coordinate allocation process. Leventhal (1980) and Forret and Love (2007) have identified several similar criteria and perception of procedural fairness. Viewpoints of procedural fairness are related to employees morale and trust and they are characterized by solidity in the procedures, accuracy of the information, and free of bias (Forret Love, 2007). Leventhal (1980) classify six criteria of perception of procedural fairness which are procedures are fair when they are consistency, bias minimization, accurate information, consist of technology gadget for wrong decisions correction, maintain usual concept of morality and the last is it is representative. Procedural fairness has been found that it able to increase the feelings of being appreciated. Hence, it is very important that procedural fairness is perceived positively in order to an organization to achieve maximum productivity and its strategic goals (Prooijen, 2009). If there is unfair procedures occurred, trust between the employees and company will be low, and therefore employees will have low commitment and motivation (Cremer, 2005). An organization who wants to have positive outcomes should have a good perception of procedural fairness. Research has showed that there are few benefits of procedural fairness for organizations. A good perception of procedural fairness creates positive attitudes toward management control and hence produces a number of good behavioral reactions (Collett, 2008). It is important for an organization especially in performance appraisal to create harmony among employees in order to increase organization performance. Organizational researchers found that procedures are perceived to be more fair when affected individuals have an opportunity to either influence the decision process or offer input (Thibaut Walker, 1975; Gilliland, 1993; Muhammad, 2004). The decision making can be included in salary determination or promotion of employees. If procedural fairness is used in salary determination, it will eventually improve the ability of organization to manage the salary determination process effectively (Cloutier Volhuber, 2007). Bagdadli, Roberson and Paoletti (2006) said that fair promotion decisions influence feelings of organizational commitment of employees. By other words, organizations are able to keep employee commitment when promotion decision making involve procedures fairness and employees will perceive it to be fair. For example, Wainwright Bank and Trust Corporation in Boston have made a commitment to promoting fairness to all stakeholders by providing a sense of inclusion and diversity that extends from the boardroom to the mail room. In other words, the bank uses method of procedural fairness to establish positive stakeholder relationships by promoting understanding and inclusion in the decision making process. Furthermore, Gilliland (1993) states that perceptions of procedural fairness are influenced by the extent to which procedural rules are satisfied or violated. Procedural rules, listed by Leventhal (1980) suggest that in order to be fair decisions should be made consistently; without personal biases, with as much accurate information as possible, with interest of affected individuals represented in a way that is compatible with their ethical values, and with an outcome that can be modified. Other researchers have suggested additional rules such as the importance of two-way communication (Greenberg, 1986). . 1.3 Interactional fairness Interactional fairness is defined by sociologist John R. Schermerhorn (2006, p. 140) as the degree to which the people affected by decision are treated by dignity and respect when executing procedures and determining outcomes. Therefore, the quality of interpersonal treatment that people receive from authorities during the decision-making procedures is very important (Bies Moag, 1986; Greenberg, 1993). In other word, interpersonal fairness reflects the degree to which people are treated with politeness, dignity, and respect by authorities and third parties involved in executing procedures or determining outcomes (Colquitt, 2001; Kickul Troth, 2003; Janssens, Sels Brande, 2003).This concept focuses on explanations provided to the people that convey information about why procedures were used in a certain way or why outcomes were distributed in a certain fashion (Greenberg, 1993). The assessment of organizational practices and behavior of authority in terms of fairness does not usually depend on how fairly the employee was actually treated, but rather on how fairly the employee perceives that he or she was treated (Greenberg, 1990). Perceptions of interactional fairness play a role in the determination of employees work attitudes and behavior (Cohen Spector, 2001; Colquitt, Conlon, Wesson, Porter Yee, 2001). According to Greenberg (1993) interactional fairness can be broken down into two fairness which are interpersonal fairness and informational fairness. Interpersonal focuses on treating people with dignity and respect while informational fairness deal with the justifications provided to people. There are four factors that affect perception of employees on fairness of the interpersonal treatment get from the organization (Narcisse Harcourt, 2008). These factors are the organization is unreliable, interfere employee privacy, make offensive judgments and disrespectful to employees (Narcisse Harcourt, 2008). The explanation for interactional fairness in the workplace is grounded in social exchange theory and norm of reciprocity (Cropanzano Mitchell, 2005). From the social exchange perspective, employees expect fair, honest, and truthful treatments from the organization or its agents. Based on the norm of reciprocity, employees who perceive fair treatments by authorities are more likely to evidence positive actions through greater commitments to the values and goals of the organizations, exhibit increased job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behaviors, improved job performances and reduced withdrawal behaviors (Cohen Spector, 2001; Colquitt et. al., 2001). Research on psychological contract indicated that employees expect their employers to provide pleasant work environment that supports harmonious working relationships (Kickul Troth, 2003). Because of the importance of good quality social exchange relationships in workplaces, organizations strive to encourage supervisors and employees to willingly interact with each other. However, regular supervisor-subordinate social exchange relations are important in influencing desirable individual and organizational outcomes (Becker, Billings, Eveleth Gilbert, 1996; Zdaniuk Levine, 2001; Raabe Beehr, 2003). Muzumdar (2011) found that the organizational commitment (loyalty) and work satisfaction are the most affected variables of the interactional fairness system. This showcases that the treatment by a supervisor directly influences the variables of loyalty and work satisfaction of an individual employee. Reward satisfaction is the least affected variable by the treatment by a supervisor. As such, being rewarded could be a reduction in the influence of the treatment given by the supervisor on the employee. In the business relationship, interactional fairness is based on evaluating the communication processes used. Because interaction fairness is linked to fairness in communication, it often involves the individuals relationship with the business organization through the accuracy of the information the organization provides. Employees can also be guilty in interactional fairness disputes. For example, many employees admit that they stay at home when they are not really stick if they feel they can get away from it. Such workplace absenteeism costs businesses millions of dollars each ear. Being untruthful about the reasons for missing work is an example of an interactional fairness issue. Part B: Origin According to Dr. Angie Hobbs (2010) fairness started to appear in the ancient Greece where Plato raised the debate on justice, but a lot of issues that were raised are the same issue with fairness. In the dialogue, Plato challenged the Athens democrats by saying that it is fair or just by having the same equal voices in the democratic Athens and also goods and power should also be shared equally. However, against Platos concept is the oligarchy thinkers who debated that equal voices, goods, or power should be shared proportionally, whether proportional to marriage or statuses in the society. Thus, there should be no equal shares exist in the oligarchys concept. There are several scientific researches on fairness to date. Dr Waal found that the sense of fairness might be developed in our genes naturally. Primatologist Frans de Waal and his team found that our closes mammal, chimpanzees do have the same human senses of fairness. This is because there are concrete evidences in evolution that argues chimpanzees are sensitive to unequal distribution of outcomes. Teamwork is shown during hunting, defending territory and distributing foods (Boesch, 1994; Muller Mitani, 2005). A clear illustration of sensitivity of chimpanzees in fairness is when the chimps refused to participate in an experiment where their partner received more rewards for the same accomplishment and also refused to accept better rewards when partner receive less (Brosnan, Schiff Waal, 2005). The advantage of using chimpanzees is humans cannot ask questions to them, thus by observing their behavior, we can know their decision. In animal kingdom, fairness and reciprocity elements are also found, not just in human societies. There are many animals such as zebras, deer, and wolves survive in groups by unity or reciprocity where empathy and teamwork is essential survival mechanism, just like humans as humans are highly cooperative species. (Waal, 2012) The second scientific research on fairness is done by archaeologist  Brian Hayden who  excavated an ancient settlement in British Columbia near Keatley Creek and  uncovered evidence indicating that two distinct classes lived within large  pit houses  that sheltered several families under one roof. Hayden supports Waals research by showing that inequality grew out of the natural variability in human personality traits, among which are inclinations to be greedy or to share. He found that self-serving individuals were presented with new opportunity with the availability of surpluses of resources in Keatley Creek. They exploited the extra resources to their favor, raising the survival odds of themselves and their successors and simultaneously accumulate wealth and power in societies. Thus, phenomenon enables the rich to redefine the meaning of fairness in the society economically and politically and this process is the repeating itself around the globe, explaining how power has been distributed (Hayden, 2012). The importance of fairness and ethics to organization and its effects on the organization performance Fairness is important in organizations because there are a lot of benefits by practicing the concept in the organizations. The first benefit is the practices of fairness are proven to be able to increase profitability. This is because the connection between fairness and profitability is proven to have positive correlation with each other (Donaldson, 2003). Research found that fairness in organization responsibility is able to increase corporate financial performance (Allouche Laroche, 2005). Thus, it can be considered as one of the manipulative variable on profitability because fairness and profitability can be the source of major competitive advantage (McMurrian Matulich, 2011). The competitive advantage is referred to higher levels of efficiency in operations, having firm relationship with the stakeholders and higher levels of customer loyalty and retention (Ferrell 2004). Another importance and effects of fairness in organization is able to produce high quality of employees as the role of fairness in the workplace can impact heavily on the employees attitude and behavior (Greenberg, 1990; Cropanzano Greenberg, 1997; Colquitt, Conlon, Wesson, Porter, Ng, 2001). Hence, organizations that practice high value of fairness and justice are able to produce better individual work performance (Cohen Spector, 2001; Colquitt et al., 2001). Furthermore, these individuals tends to have greater job satisfaction which is very important to increase revenue growth and profitability (Heskett, James, Earl Leonard, 1997) as high level of job satisfactions are able to generate higher levels of loyalty and subsequently showed by the customers behavior such as repeat purchases and referrals of additional customers (Robert Erika, 2006). The importance of the fairness and ethics and its effects on society and in general According to Al-Hassar (2010) found that fairness is the final outcome of the process of the law, whereby fairness is distributed by the State. Based on this definition, fairness is the mechanical process of the structure of law which mean set in place and agreed to by the people of the State. Another definition is concerned with the value inherent in fair behavior. One distinction between these two definitions is the difference between an individual viewpoint and the larger view of the society. Either view incorporates the concept of moral judgment: good as opposed to bad (Al-Hassar, 2010). Unfairness in our society can be seen in the execution of criminals and whenever there is an execution, the morality of capital punishment usually causes heated debate (Al-Hassar, 2010) although many people believe that the death sentence discourages those who might commit horrible crimes. To these people, they feel that since life is precious, the death penalty helps to affirm this fact. However, Richard (2011) define that a majority of countries in the world has now abandoned the use of the death penalty and he state that a civilized society has no right to put another person to death especially when there is a lack of strong evidence. Most of the industrialized world has abolished the death sentence, because they consider it barbaric. Instead, barbaric or not, the law of the land must be followed even if we do not like the death penalty. Moreover, the officers of the law must always avoid errors of sentencing based on skin color, poverty, class, and political gain. If we create a society in which fairness is not tolerated and racism at play then more incidents of state killing will continue and the law of jungle will take place (Al-Hassar, 2010). In ancient Greece, fairness was believed to be derived from the order of society-a good society fostered fairness, and fairness fostered a good society. According to Plato (2000) fairness is the bond that holds a society together. Both individualism and personal rights had little to do with the Platonic conception of fairness those appeals even today to collectivists who emphasize the social context of fairness. Fairness was seen as the supreme virtue with respect to our relations with others. Al-Hassar (2010) also state that fairness must be distributed equally to all members of society in order to live in harmony and peace. Judicial and police officers must not use the law as a shield to insulate their racism, hatred, and political gain. In the eye of the law, fairness must not differentiate between the poor and rich, the weak and the strong. To solve the poverty problem, the state should spend more money on education, employment, and child welfare. The state must give the individual his rightful place of dignity as a free man equal to all his fellow men where he shall have the right to live under a rule of law based on a sense of obligation. In that society, respect for law must be the cohesive force holding it together and not mere obedience based on surrender to the weapons of state power. Relevant Theories Ethics is closely related to fairness. Ethics studies are focused on how an employees beliefs influence their perception of fairness in the organization. Research on fairness is also concerned with how the situation will influences an employees perception in the organization (Schminke, Ambrose Noel, 1997). According to Greenberg (1990) people who have experienced being treated unfairly would be more likely to taking some unethical behavior to the organization. For example, if employees perceived that they are being treated unfairly such as pay cut and they will probably taking some unethical behavior such as steal from the organization. Employees who perceive unfairness in the workplace will look for opportunities to increase their own benefit in their own ways and may shift to unethical conduct in order to balance the unfairness that have been done to them (Trevino Weaver, 2001). According to Gartenstein (n.d.) ethical human resource policies are also vital when creating and maintaining an ethical culture in an organization. Employees who are treated fairly are more likely to be satisfied with their works. When employees feel that they are being treated unfairly, they will prone to explicit some unethical behavior such as using company resources for personal gain. However, when they are fairly compensated for their work, they will contribute more to the organization and less taking opportunities to exploit situations for personal gain. On the other hand, when employees perceived that they are being treated fairly such as when top management fairly distribute the resources, they have the intension to preserve well-being of their organization (Manrique, 2010) and reduce their own interest to the organization (Lind Tyler, 1998). Furthermore, their behaviors also tend to be ethical and in line with the organizations expectations (McCain, Tsai Bellino, 2010). Trevino and Weaver (2001) agree that there is a strong relationship between employee perceived general fair treatment and ethics-related outcomes in an organization. Their study shows that if employees believe that their organization generally treats them fairly, those unethical behaviors will significantly decrease. According to Trevi (2001), employees perceptions of being treated fairly not only reduce a broad range of unethical behaviors that may harm the organization, but it can also increase their positive behaviors. For example, employees are willing to cooperate with organization to achieve the organizations goals by reporting ethical problems to management. The values that shape an organization to be ethical will influence the relationships between the organizations with its customers. An ethical organization will train employees to treat their customers with respect and to be fair with them. For example, when employees know that such ethical behaviors as an important part of customer services, they will understand the strength of the organizations obligation to those behaviors. Hence, they will more likely to perform their work accordingly because ethical behavior can inspire fairness (Gartenstein, n.d.).

Capital Punishment Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Death Crime Essay

Capital Punishment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Taking this course has made me ponder on many issues which I never deemed worthy of my thoughts. I always considered the death penalty one of those things which I never had to concern myself with. First of all I'm not planning to commit any vial crimes, and I don't think anyone I care about has those plans either. Secondly, I've never been conscious or concerned with the likes of criminals. When we began speaking on the subject, I thought we were only going to talk about the institution of racism in capital punishment, and was quite unaware of the feeling this subject would arouse in me. Needless to say, I have formed some opinions on the issue which confused even me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I always considered myself pro-capital punishment. I was of the mind that if someone killed me, I would like my death avenged, but pondering on the issue of cultural differences has made me doubt my prior convictions. First of all, I am against the use of the lethal injection. I understand that it is cleaner, but if the law wants to inflict death as a punishment, it must understand that death is not a pretty thing. Criminals are painlessly put to sleep, and die in the same manner that Dr. Kavorkian's patients choose. Personally, if I was faced with the option of living the remainder of my life in isolation, perpetually haunted by pain and images of terror, I would absolutely chose to die by lethal injection. There is no true punishment in this method, except the fear of going to hell, which I strongly doubt is of much concern to most convicts on death row.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assuming that the judicial processes which convict these individuals are legitimate, the only common bond within this group is that they are all mortal, and hold no respect for human life. These delinquents are on death row, because they have committed a crime of such ghastly proportions, that society has deemed them unfit to live. They deliberately and nonchalantly depraved another human of their life. They emphatically partook in reprehensible malice of inhuman dimensions, never bothered by their conscience. They are sick and vile individuals who do not acknowledge social conventions such as religion and the law. They have broken the law, and in leaving it they removed themselves from the protection of the law. The 8th Amendment should no longer apply to these sick de... ...ideas of hate. Then you burn their faces till they are so ugly to look at that they are ashamed to be alive. Then you castrate them to make sure they can no longer partake in pleasure. In this disheveled state you throw them out to the streets so they can see and hear the pain, agony and injustice that they so freely bestowed on their victims. They will truly suffer for their crimes. They will be the new example for future criminals. No longer will the villain be worshipped by the mass media, or by the youngsters on the streets. The gangster will then cease to exist, and only the mentally retarded will perpetuate their heinous crimes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Isn't it sad that our situation has become so grave that we must actually look to these alternatives to solve the problem. I think everyone knows that the only way to help ourselves to a better life is through education, but politicians continue to withdraw funding for schools. We are going about the solution in the wrong way. If we teach people to value themselves and accept others, and therefore dissolve economic and class differences, we will truly begin to put an end to crime. Till then we will have to accept our reality.

Compare Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson Essay

Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, and Thomas Jefferson all had similar values and ideas about America concerning politics and its economy. They all also had a knack for getting people to follow them. Benjamin Franklin, who had only died about 30 years before William Cullen Bryant wrote To Cole, the Painter, Departing for Europe, seemed to express different views about America vs. Europe in his letters. In a letter Franklin wrote to his grandson, he expressed how he wanted to return to America before his death but didn’t think he would be able to. He seemed so passionate when writing about America. It was as if there was nothing better than America. We also know that Franklin was very involved in politics and economics. He is one of the first people we read about who was very concerned with money and how it affected status and politics. Obviously wealth affects status in at least some aspect. Whether the wealth was measured by money or by land, it defined social class. Only people of the upper class took part in politics. Franklin was one of America’s founding fathers. He helped write the Declaration of Independence, which we still abide by today, over 200 years later. Benjamin Franklin listed 13 virtues with their precepts in one of his documents. He listed these to make sure he abided by all of them and just these 13. One of the precepts was ‘order’. He expanded on this by making a schedule of how his business and his life should run. It listed what should be done for the day, including when he should eat and sleep. He was definitely ahead of his time and set the standards for Americans today. Thomas Paine instilled his ideas onto others in Common Sense. He starts out by saying, â€Å"In the following pages I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense†. Just by writing this, he has already captivated the reader and forced them to see his views and just ‘common sense’. Paine seemed to specialize in revolts and working for the ordinary person. This was Paine’s involvement in politics; getting the common person to see how they were oppressed and how things should change. He took action by forming revolutions. Paine felt that America should be free from British control. He stated, â€Å"We have boasted the protection of Great Britain without considering that her motive was interest, not attachment; and that she did not protect us from our enemies on our account, but from her enemies on her own account, from those who had no quarrel with us on any other account, and who will always be our enemies on the same account.† He used this to explain to Americans how Britain had created enemies for us because of their own personal reasons and when we were under attack, Britain didn’t care and sequentially, they had created enemies for both places. Thomas Jefferson took part in politics as well as Franklin and Paine and was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson, unlike Franklin and Paine, was born into his wealth. He was never a commoner and therefore never knew what it was like to be in that position. I find it interesting that someone of his stature would be allowed to help write the Declaration of Independence which helps guide everyone including commoners. He couldn’t possibly understand what would be best for them. This is probably why there are many things in the constitution that don’t seem fair to an ordinary person, such as the Electoral College. This system was basically created because a regular person could not have a vote left in their hands. Although Jefferson seems like he wants independence for America, it also seems like he doesn’t trust America to have this Independence. All three people that I have discussed seem to differ in their views of America vs. Europe from Bryant. Bryant seems to be thrilled that America is based on Europe. Places such as New York and New England were almost exact replicas of the originals. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, and Thomas Jefferson were trying to change the way America was to make it a better place to live. It is because of these men that America is everything it is today.

The Keirsey Temperament Sorter essays

The Keirsey Temperament Sorter essays The Keirsey Temperament Sorter is a test that best describes a person's personality. It consists of seventy questions that try to find out what kind of person you are. It tries to best identify where you like to focus your attention, how you prefer to take in information, how you like to make decisions, and the lifestyle that you prefer. This is a system that is supposed to accurately identify someone's personality. I was really anxious to do this test and I tried to answer every question as accurately as I could. After reviewing my score, I found out that I was an ISFP. Well, what exactly is an ISFP? It stands for Introvert, Sensing, Feeling, and Perceiving. Introvert is a person that prefers to focus on the inner world of thoughts, feelings, or impressions. I agree with this because I rely on feelings and impressions of others. I am able to sometimes see how others feel inside even if they don't show it on the outside. The Sensing part I strongly disagreed with. It says that Sensing is a type of person that likes to focus on the present reality and on the information brought by their senses. On the other hand, the N (iNtuitions), which is the opposite of the S, says that it is a type of person that focuses on possibilities and relationships and looks forward to the future. I think that I am more N then S. The next part says that I am more of feeling than thinking and means that I base my judgements on personal values and tend to be more person oriented. I agree with the part that says that I base my judgements on personal values but not on the part about being people oriented. I always get into fights with friends over my decisions or judgements because I base them on my values that often seem to be very different than others'. Finally, the P or perceiving, talks about how I like an adaptable, flexible, and a spontaneous approach to life and that I like to stay open to new experi ...

should smoking be ban essays

should smoking be ban essays Should smoking really be banned in public places? Tobacco which had been discovered more than five hundred years affects our daily life deeply. It was used as effective medicine initially, the relationship between illness and cigarette had been found until the early 20th century. Since then, the discussion should smoking be banned had being argued until today. One support banning claim smoking is bad for health, whereas the opposite insist that totally banning smoking will make smokers upset, violates human right and creates negative effects on the economy. A lot of people may know that there is a definite link between smoking and diseases. The NSW Cancer Council reported that about 25 diseases such as lung cancer, heart disease are caused by tobacco and nearly 10,000 people are killed by tobacco-related illnesses every day in the world. What the worse is not only the smokers can be negatively affected by smoking, the non-smokers who breathe other peoples smoke also in danger such as passive smokers have more chance to suffer from the lung cancer and the heart disease. The research shows children whose parents smoking have increased frequency of middle ear infections, bronchitis, tonsillitis and pneumonia compared with children who grow up in a non-smoke environment. That is no doubt that ban smoking can offer us a more healthy life. As a coin have two sides. The smokers claim although smoking has it negative effect on physical health, cigarette help them to resolve psychological problem in some extents as well. A smoker said smoking can help relief stresses, if those people do not smoking, some of them may try some more serious illegal drugs which may increase crime rate the addicts who grabbed by cigarette seriously find if they quit smoking, there are a lot of problems they will suffer such as: easy to get angry and worry, feel boring, get insomnia. In addition, my grandfather who is 80 said it ...

Practice Study - 78303731 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Practice Study - 78303731 - Essay Example The Community Social Work Group is a part of the Community and Well-Being Directorate located in the South East of England. The organization mainly works with adults that are people above the age of eighteen with physical disability and with the old people. The team conducts Assessments of Need according to the terms of NHS and Community Care Act 1990 which involves administering of care packages and then reviewing and monitoring if those packages are delivered properly. The emphasis of the organization is to upgrade their packages in the long run which will benefit the service users to a greater extent. The organizational structure is as follows. It comprises of one Team Manager two Assistant Team Managers, two Senior Practitioners, ten Social Workers, four Assistant Care Managers and a Trainee Social Worker. The administrative support is provided throughout the team by four members of the staff and after the restructuring of the team, three reviewing officers have also become members of the team. The entire team works together to fulfil its mission, which is to provide support to those adults who are with special physical needs. Following this work, being a social worker I was able to establish full confidence in Mr. X that his identity and privacy will be protected and on the grounds of anonymity Mr. X was able to confide in me all his problems and could explain the various situations which he faced. As I started conversing with Mr. X, he told me that he was utterly frustrated and stressed out and needed some time for him to restore his self. I as a social worker had to keep this situations in mind while handling them, I had to be careful and arrange the treatment in such a way that the sentiments of Mr. X is not hurt and at the same his purpose is also completely fulfilled. The part of South East England where the community works is a highly populated area and thus provides the organization with different types of

A Short-Lived Marriage Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Short-Lived Marriage - Case Study Example Some said he had stolen a purse from a lady passenger, others said he had been caught urinating in public, as women rumored he had raped a goat meant for sale in the nearby market and painstakingly cursed on what had become of their men’s morals and so on. With the evolution and mutations of those women's gossip, it was hard to separate fact from hearsay and sieving the truth from lie was a pure calling in itself, and a divine one too.  Some said he had stolen a purse from a lady passenger, others said he had been caught urinating in public, as women rumored he had raped a goat meant for sale in the nearby market and painstakingly cursed on what had become of their men’s morals and so on. With the evolution and mutations of those women's gossip, it was hard to separate fact from hearsay and sieving the truth from lie was a pure calling in itself, and a divine one too.   An old dusty bus pulled by, letting out a huge cloud of exhaust smoke that caused Obierika and a couple of others seated with him to cover their noses and look away momentarily. She would be in it, he knew, for this was the bus that normally plied the route to Anyango’s fatherland. Anxiety and joy gripped him all at the same time. It was near mid-day now and the sun burned with the intensity of the hour as Anyango appeared from amongst the group of alighting passengers. She had carried with her a traditional bag made from papyrus reed that seemed to be holding foodstuff from home and on her left arm, a designer handbag that Obierika had previously bought her in the city as a gift. Her face shone. The month of July passed by solemnly and quietly. Her pregnancy had started to show and she felt more at home day by day in her new house. Onyango would wait back in the house and pamper herself as Obierika desired. Even with her heaviness, she still attended to her light household chores, even as Obierika objected to this, and she was a good wife. Obierika himself would leave f or work in the mornings and return in the region of 6 pm with food for the night that he would occasionally prepare since her mood swings became unpredictable as time went by. He found a home in her. His friends grew distant with time as he had no time for them and never took to the bars anymore. His love for her had blossomed.

Shipping Modes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Shipping Modes - Essay Example An air carrier may be preferred when the customer requires the goods on the same day or after one day and lives far from the production or distribution point. Using the air to transport cargo is faster that other mediums such as road or rail. Additionally, using the air mode evades delays that may be caused by obstructions on land such as traffic jams and other natural occurrences on land. The Air shipping mode is also convenient for perishable goods that need to arrive at the customer fast. The high speeds involved make it possible for goods top reach the customer while they are still fresh. Selecting a speedy mode also has some financial inclination in that it is slightly expensive to use quick modes. The shipping company may require the customer to incur additional costs depending on the less time needed to ship the products. For slower shipping modes, rates are more relaxed. 3dcart University | 9 Important Factors to Consider When Choosing a Shipping Carrier. (n.d.). Retrieved from

Historical Development of the 1960s Essay Example for Free

Historical Development of the 1960s Essay Historical Development of the 1960s Introduction            Of the many historical eras, the 1960 era is regarded as one of the most controversial eras ever in the history of America. However, this was not the anticipation that most of American citizens had. At the very beginning of the 1960s, many believed that this was perhaps the most promising era yet. They even dubbed this era the golden age. The expectations of the people intensified in 1961 when John F. Kennedy took the office of the president. His charisma and enthusiasm won the hearts and trust of the American people. They strongly believed that his government would provide solutions to the major problems that they were facing at the time. However, to the surprise of many, the decade turned out to be the complete opposite of what they had expected. The president himself was assassinated, a chaotic storm characterized by protests by civil rights movements engulfed the country, and instead of the war in Vietnam coming to a halt, it intensified. This essay will strive to create an interconnection between these events which shaped up the 1960s. It will tackle incidents relating to the free speech movement, the Vietnamwar, the Black Panther Party, Rock-n-roll, and the women’s movement, also known as the feminist movement, as witnessed in this decade.            An issue that had been a thorn in the flesh of the American people was coexistence of the white Americans and the African-Americans. Though the slave trade had been abolished by this time, issues of discrimination were still rampant in society. The African Americans would hence dedicate themselves to fighting for equality for their people in this society. At the very beginning of 1960, some four black students defied the norms of society at that particular time and sat down at a white’s-only lunch counter. Their actions were succeeded by demonstrations at that counter every day, drawing the nation’s attention.            6 years down the line, the African-American community still wanted society to regard them as equal with the rest of the Americans and this led to the formation of the Black Panther Party. It was originally known as the Black panther Party of self-defense but the name changed. This party movement was however founded for the sole purpose of eradicating police brutality in African-American neighborhoods. However, with the rapid expansion of the party and the start of a publication, the objectives of the party had diversified. This diversification meant that the party was keener on social empowerment thus disregarding the exclusivity of race. This however sparked up problems within the party since the radical members differed in opinion with the members that were in support of their socialistic cause. This made the party’s political motive to be disoriented and the government at that time considered the party as a national threat.            The Black community of the United States was not the only entity that was fighting for its civil rights. Gender inequality was still a societal vice that America was struggling with. During this time, men were given more opportunities as compared to women in virtually every field and this led to the second wave of the feminist movement. The job market viewed women as the less productive species. One of the reasons why this notion was upheld was because the women needed time off when they delivered and most employers believed the assertion that women would quit their job when they got pregnant. More to this, the society had branded the man as the provider of the home. It was therefore argued that men needed jobs and better paythan women because of the fact that there were people who were dependent on them. Generally, society had defined the place of a woman as the home; whether she was educated or not.            In 1963, Betty Freidan wrote a book, The Feminine Mystique. This book highlighted the frustration of the educated housewives and how society had forcefully put them in a state of dissatisfaction. What shocked many is the fact that she defied society’s assumption that women found satisfaction in only serving their families. This book stirred a revolutionary movement, one which historians refer to as the second wave of the feminist movement. This movement saw society begin to give women more chances in schools, the job market and also in matters involving remuneration.            From the historical facts available from this era, it is evident that civil rights protests and demonstrations were the order of the day. Even students took the liberty of staging their own protests during this period. The Free Speech Movement was the name given to the protests that the students staged. This movement took place in 1964-1965 at the University of California, Berkley, when students were expressing their discontentment on the ban that the school administration had imposed on on-campus political activities. The students rationale for the protests was that this ban was infringement of their academic freedom and right to free speech. The students felt that they could do more than just confine themselves to books. The objectives of the movement had been put in place way before the movement began when students in the campus formed a political party that enabled them to get involved in off-campus political and societal issues.            The students used this platform to source funds from campus students to support civil rights causes. However, this right was exclusively granted to the political clubs in the school and this is what prompted the school to impose the ban on on-campus political activities. Though the students were doing this out of good will, society was of a contrary opinion. For this reason, voters gave the governor seat to Ronald Regan in 1966 whose campaign forte was to make good the mess that the Berkley students had made.            Events in this era were not just restricted to the local scene. The events that America was involved in during this era also crossed boarders. America had been in conflict with Vietnam since the 1950’s. With the election of J. F. Kennedy, Americans were hopeful that this conflict was finally going to come to an end following his campaign theme; his government had answers to America’s biggest problems. However, these hopes seemed to go down the drain in 1963 when Kennedy was assassinated. The hopes of the American people were now in Lyndon B. Johnson’s hands. His government had two wars to fight; the war against poverty, and the war in Vietnam.            However, Johnson had committed himself to establishing an anti-communist south-Vietnam, a trait he had inherited from his predecessors in their solidarity to the country. For this reason, he had to make a choice to forego the war on poverty to attend to the war in Vietnam. More to this, the president had gained the support of the congress and they gave him the authorization to protect the American soldiers and their allies by all means necessary. The prolongation of the war caused a divide in the nation. Some were in support of the war, others protested against the war, whereas others fled to neighboring Canada to avoid being drafted into the war.            Amidst all these events that were happening, people needed something to give them an escape from it all even if it was temporary. Entertainment was the surest way of attaining such. In this era, the most common form of entertainment was music. Rock-n-rollwas the most popular music genre at the time. The developments in this genre were referred to as invasions and were named on the basis of where they originated from. The British invasion occurred in the early 1960s. In mid 1960s, garage rock was unveiled. The genre was common in North America. The genre gained this name because it was played by armatures at the comfort of their homes in their garages. However, this genre barely made it past the 1960s as it was replaced by other genres. Conclusion            The 1960s era, as highlighted above was a rather event-full one in the American history. Though it may seem like the era did not live up to its expectation as the golden age, it can be argued that to some extent it did. This is because the events during this time acted as milestones especially with regards to civil rights issues. However, the prolongation of the war in Vietnam did injustice to the country as it caused a divide. In conclusion, the 1960s were not shy of historical events. References Fischer, Klaus P.  America in White, Black, and Gray: The Stormy 1960s. New York [u.a.: Continuum, 2006. Print. Source document

Michael Jackson Approach To Dance Drama Essay

Michael Jackson Approach To Dance Drama Essay World-renowned for his influence on the international music and dance scene, Michael Jackson is an iconic figure in the entertainment industry. His talent in being able to fuse his music and dance style together so seamlessly was probably one of the reasons for his booming success as an artist. The transformation and influence that he had brought about in the entertainment industry, dance included, might very well be the greatest legacy that any solo artist had ever left behind. Michael Jackson, as great a dancer as he was, had surprisingly no formal dance training throughout his career. He was completely self-taught and worked very much in isolation when it came to perfecting many of his famous dance moves (Beers). He had a strong ability as a child to absorb and imitate what he saw quickly. Lacking a formal education, as Michael went around performing, he learnt by watching. Michael Jackson said that the greatest education in the world is watching the masters at work and that was what he did, making the best of his circumstances as a child. He was a perfectionist in many aspects, including dance, spending hours refining his steps and moves till they were flawless before they were presented on stage. Michael Jacksons dance style was influenced by a wide range of people and styles, from RB artists to ballerinas, from jazz to street dances and African-American indigenous styles. He was creative in the way he brought different techniques of various dance forms together, taking whatever he saw and liked in other dances and making them his own (Roy). Eventually, the dance style that became uniquely his spanned a wide range dynamically, from fluid, smooth dance movements to sharp, angular and accented ones. His smooth dance style was visually appealing in that his movements were so connected they just seemed to flow from one to another. At the same time, his signature movements, such as the moonwalk, posed a sense of mystery to the audience as to how it could be done, especially since he seemed to be able to do it so effortlessly. What made the moonwalk so intriguing was that walking, which we are all so familiar with, lifting one foot and putting it in front of the other, could in fac t be done without lifting a foot off the ground at all. Perhaps it was the desire of uncovering the mystery and mastery of his steps that sparked off so much interest in learning them. At the opposite end of the spectrum was his strong accented style of dancing, like that of the robot dance. The movements were a lot less connected and much more punctuated. His accented style of dancing involved intricate bodywork and precise isolation. Even with such a range of movements in his dance vocabulary, there was a certain consistency in his dance style: visual appeal. Though many of his movements and lines were angular and not exactly beautiful and sophisticated like ballet was deemed, there was something about them that was captivating. Despite the seeming simplicity in some of his movements, there was a certain groove and swing in his steps, emphasized by his music that made him such an amazing performer. As a result of his talent in both music and dance, his music and dance style complemented each other to bring out the uniqueness of his style that made him stand out as an artist of his time. Michael Jackson was born with a talented and creative mind. His creation of dance movement was closely intertwined with his creation of music. In his movement creation, he not only goes with the music, in some cases, he goes against the music as well, giving diversity to the fusion of music and dance. He varies his movements and music in terms of rhythm, for example syncopations, or differing emphasis in music and movements. For example, he chooses to do many short and sharp movements during the silence in the music. His accented movements are usually done along with the bass beat of the drums in his music but sometimes, he chooses to leave out certain accents and hit only some of them. On the other hand, sometimes when there are many accents in his music, he chooses to do the opposite with his movements, changing to the smooth style of his dance rather than the accented style. His choreography also catered very aptly to the lyrics and content of his songs, exemplified by the movemen ts that likened to zombies choreographed for the song Thriller. This is an example of versatility in his choreography to suit his music and probably was an added factor to success. Such an integration of choreographic movements and music allows the essence of Michael Jacksons style, both in music and dance, to stand out and complement one another at the same time. Another element that he incorporated into his music and dance was the element of theatre or drama. In his music videos, he combined song, dance and drama together such that many of his music videos had storylines, almost like a miniature movie or musical, as in Smooth Criminal. If it was a live concert, he used over-the-top costuming, massive visual elements and even incorporated acrobatic stunts such as having aerialists in his performances. All these were technically complicated and required much technical support (Jackson). As an artist, Michael Jackson strived for perfection by always pushing the limit of complexity and intricacy in what he did and produced. He worked and created with the aim of wanting his audience to feel a sense of awe and wonder watching his works, live or on film. One of the moves he was best known for, the anti-gravitational lean, was one of the stunt that achieved that aim and was evidence of his strive in his artistry. The uniqueness of his works was in t he perfection he desired in every aspect of his art form, music, theatre, dance and acrobatic elements. Michael Jacksons approach to dance was a relatively holistic one, he incorporated various diverse elements to enhance the effect of his dance. His career, being a singer, songwriter, dancer and actor, created the platform for him to develop dance, not as an isolated entity but as part of a larger picture that included music, drama and other visual elements. Its Relation and Impact on Dance Michael Jackson was one of the pioneers who paved the way for dance on film, introducing the commercialization of dance in the later part of the twentieth century. Though dance had already existed in other films such as West Side Story and Singin in the Rain, Michael Jacksons music videos markedly pushed dance in film to the next level through the exploration of camera movement and video-editing skills in the developing computer age (Genne 140), along with his extensive use of props, over-the-top costumes and sets as well as dramatic effects. Before Michael Jacksons music videos, camera movements were limited to a planar view and kept mostly to one level. Michael Jacksons videos introduced a 3-dimensional view with varying camera movement, along with explorations of different levels. In some of Michael Jacksons videos, some of the screenshots were pulled as high as a few storeys. The video-editing skills required to produce the dramatic effects that his music videos had were also con siderably phenomenal, when put in contrast to what had been produced in the past. These progresses enabled audiences to see a fuller picture of dance on film as it was now less 2-dimensional and somewhat closer to seeing it in real-life. With the social and political climate of America at that time, street dance had become popular as a form of self-expression. America was still experiencing the aftermath of World War II and undergoing social changes. Advances in civil rights were taking place and African-Americans began to rise in society as the number of black members in Congress increased. Street dance was generally associated with the African-Americans and was an expression of the freedom from discrimination that they were slowly experiencing. Such dances began to appear on film, taking dance beyond the studios and even beyond the streets. As Michael Jacksons works gained popularity, his music videos added new dimension and development to the existing dance on films as he was an African-American himself and represented not only the rising of the African-American population but also the coming of a new genre of dance on film, street dance or what is now called hip-hop. In many of Michael Jacksons dances, he incorporated strong elements of popping and locking, as well as isolation techniques. These have very strong influences on the hip hop genre of dance that we know of today. At that time, when Michael Jackson first commercialized the technique of popping and locking, it was coined the term robot dance and was very popular amongst the audience. The unveiling of Michael Jacksons robot dance gave new vocabulary to street dance, which eventually gave rise to hip-hop. Hip-hop today has opened up into several different genres such as popping and locking, and break-dancing, all of which still have tinges of Michael Jacksons influence visible in their styles. Michaels success as a musician and singer attributed to his worldwide influence.. The style of his dance complemented his songs so well that these two elements came together as a package for Michael Jackson as he built his image as an artist. This was possible due to his success in commercializing his music videos which included the aspect of dance. His works were so well-received globally and many sought to imitate what Michael Jackson was capable of doing. His works tug at the heartstrings of audiences and convey Michael Jacksons emotions genuinely through his songs and dance. Moreover, through his years of experience, he recognized what audiences wanted through a performance. They (referring to the audience) just want wonderful experiences, they want escapism. We want to take them to places theyve never been before, we want to show them talent like theyve never seen before. says Michael Jackson. He realized what his audience wanted and sought to deliver exactly that, setting him a part from the other artists of his time.