How Alcohol Can Impair the Bodys Hormone System

How Alcohol Can Impair the Body's Hormone System Addiction Alcohol Use Print How Alcohol Can Impair the Bodys Hormone System By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 14, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 07, 2019 Yoshiyoshi Hirokawa / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery The bodys hormones work together in a finely coordinated and complex system to keep us healthy and functioning. Alcohol can interfere with the operation of the hormone system and cause serious medical consequences. Hormones act as chemical messengers to control and coordinate the functions of the bodys tissues and organs. When the hormone system is working properly, the exact amount of hormone is released at exactly the right time and the tissues of the body accurately respond to those messages. Drinking alcohol can impair the functions of the glands that release hormones and the functions of the tissues targeted by the hormones, which can result in medical problems. When alcohol impairs the hormone systems ability to work properly, it can disrupt these major bodily functions:?? Production, utilization, and storage of energyReproductionMaintenance of blood pressure and bone massGrowth and development By interfering with the hormone system, alcohol can affect blood sugar levels, impair reproductive functions, interfere with calcium metabolism and bone structure, affect hunger and digestion, and increase the risk of osteoporosis. How Alcohol Impairs Regulation of Blood Sugar Levels The main energy source for all body tissues is sugar glucose. The body gets glucose from food, from synthesis in the body, and from the breakdown of glycogen which is stored in the liver. The bodys blood sugar levels are controlled by insulin and glucagon, hormones secreted by the pancreas. They work together to maintain a constant concentration of glucose in the blood. Insulin lowers glucose levels, while glucagon raises it. Other hormones from the adrenal glands and the pituitary gland back up the function of glucagon to make sure the bodys glucose level doesnt fall low enough to cause fainting, passing out or even brain damage. Alcohol Interferes With Glucose Levels Alcohol interferes with all three sources of glucose and interferes with the hormones that regulate glucose levels. There are many ways alcohol consumption affects the bodys glucose levels:?? Limits intake of glucose by not eating properly when drinking.Inhibits glucose production while alcohol is being metabolized.Augments insulin secretion, causing temporary hypoglycemia.Impairs the hormonal response to hypoglycemia with heavy consumption. How Chronic Heavy Drinking Increases Glucose Chronic heavy drinking, on the other hand, can increase the bodys glucose levels. Alcohol can:?? Reduce the bodys responsiveness to insulin.Cause glucose intolerance.Increase secretion of glucagon and other hormones that raise glucose levels.Alter the effectiveness of medications for diabetes.Cause both hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes in alcoholics.Lower survival rates for alcoholics with diabetes. A review published in 2015 reported that chronic heavy drinking can cause glucose intolerance in healthy people.?? How Alcohol Impairs Reproductive Functions There are many hormones in the body that regulate the reproductive system. The two main hormonesâ€"androgens (e.g. testosterone) and estrogens (e.g. estradiol)â€"are synthesized in the testes and ovaries. These hormones affect various reproductive functions. In men, they are responsible for: Sexual maturationSperm development and therefore fertilityAspects of male sexual behavior In women, hormones perform many functions: Development of secondary sexual characteristicsBreast developmentDistribution of body hairRegulate the menstrual cycleHelp maintain pregnancy Chronic drinking can interfere with all of these functions. Alcohol can impair the adequate functioning of the testes and ovaries and result in hormonal deficiencies, sexual dysfunction, and infertility.?? Some of the problems that alcohol consumption can cause by interfering with the male hormonal system include:?? Reduced testosterone levelsMale breast enlargementAltered normal sperm structureImpaired sexual and reproductive functions In premenopausal women, chronic heavy drinking contributes to many reproductive disorders, including:?? Cessation of menstruationIrregular menstrual cyclesMenstrual cycles without ovulationEarly menopauseRisk of spontaneous abortions Although most of the above reproductive problems were found in women who were alcoholics, some were also found in women considered social drinkers. How Alcohol Impairs Calcium Metabolism and Bone Structure Hormones play an important role in maintaining calcium levels in the body, which is necessary not only for strong bones and teeth but also for communication between and within cells of the body. Several hormonesâ€"parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D-derived hormones, and calcitoninâ€"work to regulate calcium absorption, excretion, and distribution between bones and body fluids. Acute alcohol consumption can interfere with these hormones and therefore calcium and bone metabolism in several ways:?? Cause PTH deficiency and increase calcium excretionDisturb vitamin D metabolismLimit adequate absorption of dietary calciumInhibit activity of bone-forming cellsAdversely affect bone metabolism via nutritional deficienciesAlter reproductive hormones, affecting bone metabolism All of these can cause calcium deficiency which can lead to bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, a loss of bone mass and therefore an increased risk of fractures. This is a serious health threat for alcoholics due to the greater risks of falls and therefore fractured or broken bones. The good news is studies have found that alcohols effect on bone metabolism and bone-forming cells are at least partially reversible when alcoholics stop drinking.?? Alcohol Increases Cortisol Levels Researchers have found that alcohol consumption also increases the bodys production of cortisol, not only while the person is drinking, but also later when the drinker is withdrawing from the effects of intoxication.?? In the short-term, cortisol can increase blood pressure, focus alertness and attention, but in the longer term can adversely impact body functions such as bone growth, digestion, reproduction, and wound repair. Hormones May Influence Alcohol-Seeking Behavior Research with laboratory animals has revealed that alcohol can affect hormonal pathways that can influence alcohol-seeking behavior. Scientists believe that alcohol-seeking behavior is regulated in part by the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal axis.??

Why Science Is Essential For Students - 1678 Words

Science knowledge, skills and understanding are essential for students to be effective citizens in the 21st century. This essay will show the reader why science is essential for students to become effective citizens in the 21st Century. It will explore the meanings behind the words â€Å"21st century learning† and what it means to be an effective citizen. It will explain why science more so than ever before is an integral part of the primary school curriculum. 21st Century Learning â€Å" Twenty-first century teaching and learning is presumed to focus on the fundamental skills of critical thinking and problem solving, creativity and innovation, and collaboration and communication.†(Wismath, Orr et al. 2013) The way we think about education has†¦show more content†¦Being an effective citizen means the ability to investigate, stay informed, communicate, collaborate and take creative action. Citizens need to be able make sense of local, national, and global events, trends and information. They need to not only focus on the future but also saving the heritage of the past. As part of 21st century learning we are focusing on producing effective citizens with an approach to citizen education. â€Å"While the emphasis is on personal development it is also on community, environmental and world concerns.†(Cogan 2000)† All students deserve to acquire the knowledge and skills that empower them to be informed, engaged and active citizens.† (skills 2013) It is imperative that citizens of today are flexible problem solvers that can partake in the future direction of our planet. This requires a range of knowledge, skills and experiences. Science knowledge skills and understanding Science understanding is evident when a person selects and integrates appropriate science knowledge to explain and predict phenomena, and applies that knowledge to new situations. â€Å"Science knowledge refers to facts, concepts, principles, laws, theories and models that have been established by scientists over time.†(Australian Curriculum 2014) To have a understanding of science is to have knowledge of Physical World, Earth and Space, Living World and Chemical World, aboutShow MoreRelatedEducation Is The Most Important Valuable Idea For Children892 Words   |  4 Pagestheir knowledge, and their future. Students however, can only be as successful as their teachers allow them to be. Teachers open up a wide variety of doors for children to be able to explore and understand the world around them. The impact a teacher can have on a student in the classroom, and outside of the classroom is one of the main reasons why I want to be a teacher. Students should have a balance of teacher to student interaction, and student to student interaction to get different ideasRead MorePublic Funding Should Not Support Public Schools in Music and Arts628 Words   |  3 Pagessuch matter which is debated very highly. The consequences of public education fund’s spending are long-term which makes this issue very important. Also, limit ed availability of public funds makes it essential for these funds to be used in a manner which are more beneficial. The essays will discusses why public funds should not supporting arts and music education and the social impact. The cost of arts and music education in public school system is very high. Public schools need to buy musical instrumentsRead MoreExamples Of Biblical Foundations750 Words   |  3 Pagesit is not hard to see the various stakeholders we mentioned in our Biblical Foundations Paper. Looking at the different levels of standards, national and state there is an obvious difference in voice. Looking at the National Council for Social Sciences, the standards focus on surface ideas like comparing and contrasting, summarization with some attention and emphasis on purpose and values. The wording and depth, or lack of, show that the writers of these standards have no true stake in the well-beingRead MoreWhy Should Students Learn Evolution912 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article â€Å"Why should students learn evolution† by Brian J. Alters and Sandra M. Alters, I learned that evolution not only unifies all the areas of science but also permeates into other disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, literature, and the arts. It has had an extensive and expensive impact on human thought. â€Å"Evolution explains the why of nature and has practical considerations that affects day-to-day life†( Brain J, 36). For example, we need evolution to understand bacterial resistanceRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education Is Eclectic, And I Disagree776 Words   |  4 Pagesmathem atics, science, social studies and English/language arts (including reading). Students need to have a basic understanding of these four subjects in order to be able to thrive in the world around them. Based upon my experiences in the classroom, I strongly believe being able to read is vital to the success of students in all other subjects. If a student cannot read and write, he/she will have a difficult time becoming a successful, contributing member of society. Understanding basic science principlesRead MoreHigh School Is An Essential Part Of A Student Formation868 Words   |  4 Pagesrest of the world, treat high schools as an essential part of a students formation. The question is whether American high schools are able to keep up with an unwritten international standard for secondary education. 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Literacy is the basic method of understanding the material. I define literacy to be composed of several components such as: comprehension, communication, reading, critical thinking, and analyzing. According to â€Å"Why is literacy important?† (2017, March 24) The power of literacy lies not just in the ability to read and write, but rather in a person’s capacity to apply these skills to effectively connect, interpret and discern the intricacies of the world in whichRead MoreImportance And Importance Of Mathematics709 Words   |  3 PagesAristotle Mathematics is the study of quantity. In the modern age of science and information technology the knowledge of mathematics is very crucial and useful (Singh 2004). According to Goel (2006), the science of mathematics played a pivotal role not only in the industrial revolution, but in the scientific developments that have occurred since. That is why, Gauss (1855) referred to mathematics as the queen of the sciences. Mathematical understanding and reasoning are significant components ofRead MoreAction Plan and Annotated Bibliography on Maintaining Academic Honesty1390 Words   |  6 Pagesprograms in place to deal with academic dishonesty and any individual effort will only fit within this wider context. The first step is to familiarize myself with the topic of academic dishonesty and plagiarism, of which writing this essay is an essential step. The definition and forms of plagiarism are necessary to identify and prevent plagiarism since unintentional perpetuation of the vice is inexcusable (Rennie, 2010). The whole issue is ethical in nature and is heavily dependent on individual

Project Management A Project - 969 Words

Contents 1. What is project and project management?..................................................................2 2. Example of project mismanagement..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 3. Atlassian buying Trello, a tool for project management..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....2 4. Slacks’ new launch – Slack Enterprise Grid†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 5. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦3 6. Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 What is project and project management? As per the definition, a project is a â€Å"temporary endeavour undertaken to achieve a unique purpose† (Schwalbe, 2014 p.4). It is developed through progressive elaboration and requires resources from different areas. On the other†¦show more content†¦The consequence of being behind in schedule meant an increase in cost of the project. The project initial cost estimation was approximately 6.4 billion pounds however poor management has increased it to close to 10 billion pounds (Syal, 2014). The project failure clearly outlines the importance of taking into account all the parameters affecting the project. Atlassian buying Trello, a tool for project management Software industries like Atlassian are aware of the significance of project management in the functioning of organisations (King, 2017). Appendix 1 outlines Atlassian buying Trello, a collaborative digital whiteboard. Trello is known as a social task management, meaning it is a software tool for collaborative work, especially used for organising. Organising, along with other parameters including equipment, time and cost is important in project management. It is important since it contributes to smooth functioning of project as well as keeping the progress of the project within the boundaries of the triple constraints. Trello is used as a project management tool as it is good for visualizing the overall project and also track progress. This concept of organising and tracking progress is fundamental in project management in order to efficiently and effectively complete a project within theShow MoreRelatedProject Management : Projects Management902 Words   |  4 PagesProject Managem ent Project Management. What does the words Project Management mean and what are the steps to managing a great project. If we break down the two words Project Management it is defined on dictionary.com as â€Å"The process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling the production of a system†. 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Experiment 19 Kinetics the Rate of an Experiment Free Essays

March 17, 2013 March 17, 2013 Name : Ryan annasdass arokiasamy ID : 1206875 Group Members : Chan Pei Qie,Chong Ven Yen Name : Ryan annasdass arokiasamy ID : 1206875 Group Members : Chan Pei Qie,Chong Ven Yen experiment 19 kinetics : the study of a chemical reaction experiment 19 kinetics : the study of a chemical reaction Results Part A [I-] / mol dm-3| [S2O82-] / mol dm-3| [S2O32-] / mol dm-3| Time /s| Rate of I2 formation / mol dm-3 s-1| 0. 2| 0. 2| 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Experiment 19: Kinetics : the Rate of an Experiment or any similar topic only for you Order Now 01| 1. 25| 0. 1600| 0. 2| 0. 15| 0. 01| 13. 37| 0. 0150| 0. 2| 0. 10| 0. 01| 26. 00| 0. 0077| 0. 2| 0. 05| 0. 01| 66. 5| 0. 00075| Part B [I-] / mol dm-3| [S2O82-] / mol dm-3| [S2O32-] / mol dm-3| Time /s| Rate of I2 formation / mol dm-3| 0. 2| 0. 2| 0. 01| 3. 45| 0. 0580| 0. 15| 0. 2| 0. 01| 7. 56| 0. 0198| 0. 10| 0. 2| 0. 01| 9. 06| 0. 0110| 0. 05| 0. 2| 0. 01| 23. 91| 0. 0021| Part C Initial temperature/ OC| Final temperature/ OC| Time t /s| Rate of I2 formation / mol dm-3| 1/T (1/K)| Log t | 15| 21| 29| 0. 00690| 0. 003472| 1. 462| 24| 25| 20| 0. 01000| 0. 003367| 1. 301| 35| 42| 13| 0. 01538| 0. 003247| 1. 114| 45| 40| 8| 0. 02500| 0. 003145| 0. 903| Calculations Questions Associated essay: Measuring Reaction Rate Using Volume of Gas Produced The effect of temperature is that it increases the rate of reaction, observed here by the higher temperatures giving a much faster reaction time a) Is reaction (2) fast or slow with respect to reaction (1)? Explain your reasoning or record any test you do to help reach your conclusion Reaction (2) is fast with respect to reaction (1). Reaction (2): I2+2 S2O32- 2 I-+ S4O62- occurs extremely fast, I2 formed in the reaction is consumed immediately and when the limiting agent S2O32- is used up, I2 reacts with the starch indicator to form a blue color solution. ) Does reaction (1) or (2) control the time required for the blue colour to appear? Reaction (1): 2I-+ S2O82-I2+2SO42- controls the time required for the blue colour to appear as it is the I2 that will react with the starch indicator to produce the blue color solution to appear c) Calculate the rate of formation of I2 in mol dm-3 s-1 for each experiment at room temperature and plot this rate i) Against [S2O82-] at constant [I-] ii) Against [I-] at constant [S2O82-] The rate of formation of I2 can be calculated by calculating of the rate of change of the thiosulphate ion over the time taken Rate of formation of I2=? I2]t d) What are the shapes of these plots? They are straight line graphs ,with the y axis directly proportional to the x axis e) What is the significance of this? This shows that the rate is directly proportional to the concentration of [I-] and [S2O82-] and by calculating the gradient of the graph we will obtain the rate of reaction. f) Write the rate equation for reaction (1) d[I2]dt=k[S2O82-] And calculate the rate constant , k Rate = k[I-][S2O82-] k = Rate / [I-][S2O82-] k = slope / [S2O82-] k = [(0. 015-0. 0008)/(0. 15-0. 05)] Rate constant k = 0. 142 mol-1 dm3 s-1 g) Calculate the energy of activation of the reaction If we plot a graph of log t against 1/T, we can obtain the Ea by calculating the slope. Slope of the graph = Ea / 2. 303R Ea / 2. 303R = (1. 462-0. 903)(0. 003472-0. 003145) Ea / 2. 303R = 0. 559/(3. 27Ãâ€"10-4) Ea = 1709. 48 x 2. 303R Ea = 1709. 48 x 2. 303 x 8. 314 Ea = 32731. 65 J/mol Discussion Precautions Among some of the precautions taken were to wear gloves , safety goggles and lab coats to avoid any injury in case of exposure to chemicals. Secondly, there were separate measuring cylinders prepared for each solution as to not mix 2 solutions in a measuring cylinder to avoid any reactions. The persulphate was poured in rapidly as this is an extremely fast step and has to be poured all at once. Finally,when diluting the persulphate solution, it was done as accurately as possible in order to avoid a wrong concentration instead of the one intended. Conclusion Based on the experiment done as well as the analysis of the results and after doing further results, we have learned that the activation energy of the reaction is 32. 73 kJ. Furthermore, we have gained an insight into the kinetics of a reaction, its rate, the rate constants as well as the rate of reaction. References: Martin S. Silberberg, Chemistry the Molecular Nature of Matter and Change, Fifth Edition, McGraw Hill, 2005. F. Albert Cotton, Geoffrey Wilkinson, Carlos A. Murillo, and Manfred Bochmann, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Sixth edition, John Wiley Son. 1999. F. Albert Cotton, Geoffrey Wilkinson, Paul L. Gaus, Basic Inorganic Chemistry, Third Edition, John Wiley Son. 1995. John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, and Gabriela C. Weaver, Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, Sixth Edition, Thomson 2006. How to cite Experiment 19: Kinetics : the Rate of an Experiment, Essay examples

National Security free essay sample

The National Security Agency has released a statement saying that nothing could be more Democratic than spying on everyone because they â€Å"may need some information for national security† so they â€Å"may as well just spy on everyone.† The NSA explained that â€Å"because people are afraid that they are being singled out by the NSA, the only logical solution is to spy on everyone at all times. We see the problem of profiling people and spying only on people of certain ethnic descents but by spying on everyone equally this will no longer be a problem†. They went on to explain that â€Å"this is an issue of national security so the freedom of the American people will have to take a backseat†. They did however say that they would prefer to not have to spy on citizens but feel that it is necessary for national security. Many citizens were not surprised by this statement. We will write a custom essay sample on National Security or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Group GCE (Government Conspiracies Exist) said they have known about the spying for years and are not surprised about the new lengths that the NSA are taking, to know everything that happens to everyone. A member of GCE said of the statement, â€Å"We are stunned by how open the NSA is being about this extended effort to watch over us and feel it is bitter sweet After all, if they tell us what they are doing to take away our freedom, it is no longer a conspiracy. I am going to have to find a new hobby.† I personally see a very simple solution to make all of this spying unnecessary. If all the citizens just accepted that this will happen and gave the government permission to watch them constantly, then the NSA wouldn’t be put through this moral quandary. By giving the government permission to watch everyone, the concerns about one group being singled out would be resolved, and the government could watch us constantly without any moral dilemma. I would go so far as to suggest that the citizens should help the government watch them. If every person in the country simply wore a camera at all times that would record everything they did then the government wouldn’t have to waste so much time secretly watching people. They could focus on the endless information they are receiving rather than pretending that they are not watching citizens. I can’t see why anyone would object to this plan. After all, the only possible reason to not want to be watched is because you have something to hide. What other reason could there be? This new plan from the NSA to watch everyone at all times seems, to me, to be a fantastic way of keeping citizens safe; however, I do realize that some people have a problem with being watched over by the government. These people might say things like, â€Å"We are losing our freedom,† â€Å"This is a violation of our rights,† â€Å"Is our freedom an acceptable price to pay for security?† and other minor complaints about the system. I think that these people and indeed everyone should be thanking the government for taking such a concern in our personal lives that they are willing to spend millions of our tax dollars to watch over us and make sure we are always safe. They have thousands of programs they could be putting our taxes and china’s money into (Medicare, Social Security, ect.) but those programs only help small groups of the population like the poor, sick and elderly. It is far more important that the government monitors our lives before these â⠂¬Å"small† groups get help with their â€Å"minor† problems. I know I will sleep easier at night now that I know the government will be standing over me, watching†¦ for my safety.

Chemistry Vocabulary - Definitions of Chemistry Terms

Chemistry Vocabulary - Definitions of Chemistry Terms This is a list of important chemistry vocabulary terms and their definitions. A more comprehensive list of chemistry terms can be found in my alphabetical chemistry glossary. You can use this vocabulary list to look up terms or you can make flashcards from the definitions to help learn them. absolute zero - Absolute zero is 0K. It is the lowest possible temperature. Theoretically, at absolute zero, atoms stop moving. accuracy - Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to its true value. For example, if an object is exactly a meter long and you measure it as 1.1 meters long, that is more accurate than if you measured it at 1.5 meters long. acid - There are several ways to define an acid, but they include any chemical that gives off protons or H in water. Acids have a pH less than 7. They turn the pH indicator phenolphthalein colorless and turn litmus paper red. acid anhydride - An acid anhydride is an oxide that forms an acid when it is reacted with water. For example, when SO3- is added to water, it becomes sulfuric acid, H2SO4. actual yield - The actual yield is the amount of product you actually obtain from a chemical reaction, as in the amount you can measure or weigh as opposed to a calculated value. addition reaction - An addition reaction is a chemical reaction in which atoms add to a carbon-carbon multiple bond. alcohol - An alcohol is any organic molecule that has an -OH group. aldehyde - An aldehyde is any organic molecule that has a -COH group. alkali metal s of alkali metals include lithium, sodium, and potassium. alkaline earth metal s of alkaline earth metals are magnesium and calcium. alkane - An alkane is an organic molecule that only contains single carbon-carbon bonds. alkene - An alkene is an organic molecule that contains at least one CC or carbon-carbon double bond. alkyne - An alkyne is an organic molecule that contains at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. allotrope - Allotropes are different forms of a phase of an element. For example, diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon. alpha particle - An alpha particle is another name for a helium nucleus, which contains two protons and two neutrons. Its called an alpha particle in reference to radioactive (alpha) decay. amine - An amine is an organic molecule in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms in ammonia have been replaced by an organic group. An example of an amine is methylamine. base - A base is a compound that produces OH- ions or electrons in water or that accepts protons. An example of a common base is sodium hydroxide, NaOH. beta particle - A beta particle is an electron, although the term is used when the electron is emitted in radioactive decay. binary compound - A binary compound is one made up of two elements. binding energy - Binding energy is the energy that holds protons and neutrons together in the atomic nucleus. bond energy - Bond energy is the amount of energy required to break one mole of chemical bonds. bond length - Bond length is the average distance between the nuclei of two atoms that share a bond. buffer - A liquid that resists change in pH when an acid or base is added. A buffer consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base. An example of a buffer is acetic acid and sodium acetate. calorimetry - Calorimetry is the study of heat flow. Calorimetry may be used to find the heat of reaction of two compounds or the heat of combustion of a compound, for example. carboxylic acid - A carboxylic acid is an organic molecule containing a -COOH group. An example of a carboxylic acid is acetic acid. catalyst - A catalyst is a substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction or speeds it up without being consumed by the reaction. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts for biochemical reactions. cathode - A cathode is the electrode which gains electrons or is reduced. In other words, it is where reduction occurs in an electrochemical cell. chemical equation - A chemical equation is a description of a chemical reaction, including what reacts, what is produced, and which direction(s) the reaction proceeds. chemical property - A chemical property is a property that can only be observed when a chemical change occurs. Flammability is an example of a chemical property, since you cant measure how flammable a substance is without igniting it (making/breaking chemical bonds). covalent bond - A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed when two atoms share two electrons. critical mass - Critical mass is the minimum quantity of radioactive material needed to cause a nuclear chain reaction. critical point - The critical point is the endpoint of the liquid-vapor line in a phase diagram, past which a supercritical liquid forms. At the critical point, the liquid and vapor phases become indistinguishable from one another. crystal - A crystal is an ordered, repeating three-dimensional pattern of ions, atoms, or molecules. Most crystals are ionic solids, although other forms of crystals exist. delocalization - Delocalization is when electrons become free to move all over a molecule, such as when double bonds occur on adjacent atoms in a molecule. denature - There are two common meanings for this in chemistry. First, it can refer to any process used to make ethanol unfit for consumption (denatured alcohol). Second, denaturing can mean breaking down the three-dimensional structure of a molecule, such as a protein is denatured when exposed to heat. diffusion - Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. dilution - Dilution is when a  solvent is added to a solution, making it less concentrated. dissociation - Dissociation is when a chemical reaction breaks a compound into two or more parts. For example, NaCl dissociates into Na and Cl- in water. double displacement reaction - A double displacement or double replacement reaction is when cations of two compounds switch places. effusion - Effusion is when a gas moves through an opening into a low-pressure container (e.g., is drawn by a vacuum). Effusion occurs more quickly than diffusion because additional molecules arent in the way. electrolysis - Electrolysis is using electricity to break the bonds in a compound to break it apart. electrolyte - An electrolyte is an ionic compound that dissolves in water to produce ions, which can conduct electricity. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate in water, while weak electrolytes only partially dissociate or break apart in water. enantiomers - Enantiomers are molecules that are non superimposable mirror images of each other. endothermic - Endothermic describes a process that absorbs heat. Endothermic reactions feel cold. endpoint - The endpoint is when a titration is stopped, typically because an indicator has changed color. The endpoint need not be the same as the equivalence point of a titration. energy level - An energy level is a possible value of energy that an electron can have in an atom. enthalpy - Enthalpy is a measure of the amount of energy in a system. entropy - Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. enzyme - An enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst in a biochemical reaction. equilibrium - Equilibrium occurs in reversible reactions when the forward rate of the reaction is the same as the reverse rate of the reaction. equivalence point - The equivalence point is when the solution in a titration is completely neutralized. It is not the same as the endpoint of a titration because the indicator may not change colors precisely when the solution is neutral. ester - An ester is an organic molecule with a R-CO-OR function group. excess reagent - Excess reagent is what you get when there is leftover reagent in a chemical reaction. excited state - An excited state is a higher energy state for an electron of an atom, ion, or molecule, compared with the energy of its ground state. exothermic - Exothermic describes a process that gives off heat. family - A family is a group of elements sharing similar properties. It is not necessarily the same thing as an element group. For example, the chalcogens or oxygen family consists of some different elements from the nonmetal group. Kelvin - Kelvin is a unit of temperature. A Kelvin is equal in size to a degree Celsius, although Kelvin starts from absolute zero. Add 273.15 to a Celsius temperature to get the Kelvin value. Kelvin is not reported with a  ° symbol. For example, you would simply write 300K not 300 °K. ketone - A ketone is a molecule that contains a R-CO-R functional group. An example of a common ketone is acetone (dimethyl ketone). kinetic energy - Kinetic energy is energy of motion. The more an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has. lanthanide contraction - The lanthanide contraction refers to the trend in which lanthanide atoms become smaller as you move left to right across the periodic table, even though they increase in atomic number. lattice energy - Lattice energy is the amount of energy released when one mole of a crystal forms from its gaseous ions. law of conservation of energy - The law of conservation of energy states the energy of the universe may change form, but its amount remains unchanged. ligand s of common ligands include water, carbon monoxide, and ammonia. mass - Mass is the amount of matter in a substance. It is commonly reported in units of grams. mole - Avogadros number (6.02 x 1023) of anything. node - A node is a location in an orbital with no probability of containing an electron. nucleon - A nucleon is a particle in the nucleus of an atom (proton or neutron). oxidation number The oxidation number is the apparent charge on an atom. For example, the oxidation number of an oxygen atom is -2. period - A period is a row (left to right) of the periodic table. precision - Precision is how repeatable a measurement is. More precise measurements are reported with more significant figures. pressure - Pressure is force per area. product - A product is something made as a result of a chemical reaction. quantum theory - Quantum theory is the description of energy levels and the predictions about the behavior of atoms at specific energy levels. radioactivity - Radioactivity occurs when the atomic nucleus is unstable and breaks apart, releasing energy or radiation. Raoults Law - Raoults Law states that the vapor pressure of a solution is directly proportional to the mole fraction of solvent. rate determining step - The rate determining step is the slowest step in any chemical reaction. rate law - A rate law is a mathematical expression relating the speed of a chemical reaction as a function of concentration. redox reaction - A redox reaction is a chemical reaction that involves oxidation and reduction. resonance structure - Resonance structures are the set of Lewis structures that can be drawn for a molecule when it has delocalized electrons. reversible reaction - A reversible reaction is a chemical reaction which can go both ways: reactants make products and products make reactants. RMS velocity - The RMS or root mean square velocity is the square root of the average of the squares of individual velocities of gas particles, which is a way of describing the average speed of gas particles. salt - An ionic compound formed from reacting an acid and a base. solute - The solute is the substance that gets dissolved in a solvent. Usually, it refers to a solid that is dissolved in a liquid. If you are mixing two liquids, the solute is the one that is present in a smaller amount. solvent - This is the liquid that dissolves a solute in solution. Technically, you can dissolve gases into liquids or into other gases, too. When making a solution where both substances are in the same phase (e.g., liquid-liquid), the solvent is the largest component of the solution. STP - STP means standard temperature and pressure, which is 273K and 1 atmosphere. strong acid - A strong acid is an acid that completely dissociates in water. An example of a strong acid is hydrochloric acid, HCl, which dissociates into H and Cl- in water. strong nuclear force - The strong nuclear force is the force that holds the protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus together. sublimation - Sublimation is when a solid changes directly into a gas. At atmospheric pressure, dry ice or solid carbon dioxide goes directly into carbon dioxide vapor, never becoming liquid carbon dioxide. synthesis - Synthesis is making a larger molecule from two or more atoms or smaller molecules. system - A system includes everything you are evaluating in a situation. temperature - Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles. theoretical yield - Theoretical yield is the amount of product which would result if a chemical reaction proceeded perfectly, to completion, with no loss. thermodynamics - Thermodynamics is the study of energy. titration - Titration is a procedure in which the concentration of an acid or base is determined by measuring how much base or acid is required to neutralize it. triple point - The triple point is the temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and vapor phases of a substance exist in equilibrium. unit cell - A unit cell is the simplest repeating structure of a crystal. unsaturated - There are two common meanings for unsaturated in chemistry. The first refers to a chemical solution that does not contain all of the solute that can be dissolved in it. Unsaturated also refers to an organic compound which contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. unshared electron pair - An unshared electron pair or lone pair refers to two electrons that arent participating in chemical bonding. valence electron - The valence electrons are the atoms outermost electrons. volatile - Volatile refers to a substance that has a high vapor pressure. VSEPR - VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion. This is a theory used that predicts molecular shapes based on the assumption that electrons stay as far as possible from each other. Quiz Yourself Ionic Compound Names QuizElement Symbol Quiz

The Role of a Writing Coach

The Role of a Writing Coach The Role of a Writing Coach The Role of a Writing Coach By Mark Nichol Do you have a desire to write, but perhaps you find yourself frustrated by an inability to develop or organize your writing, or perhaps you’re getting bogged down in the process? Maybe a writing coach can help you. This post discusses what a writing coach can do for you. What is a writing coach? He or she does not necessarily edit your work, though the writing coach may also be an editor (and/or a writer) by trade. He or she is not a ghostwriter. A writing coach is a guide, and in most other endeavors, the best point in a journey to hire a guide is at or near the beginning, although you’re likely to benefit from a writing coach’s assistance starting at any stage of the writing process. The relationship between a writing coach and a writer generally begins with a face-to-face or phone interview in which the writing coach asks the writer about the project, what the writer hopes to accomplish with it, and what’s holding the writer back. A writing coach then helps the writer organize his or her project, determine a schedule, and select a completion date as a goal. The writing coach discusses the stages of a writing project, including an initial outline, preliminary research, a revised outline, more extensive research (and, if necessary, interviews), another revised outline, and various drafts, followed by the editorial process (developmental or substantive editing, copyediting, and proofreading). A writing coach helps the writer develop a clear and compelling premise or plot, determine a tone, style, and voice based on the intended audience, and produce a coherent, captivating narrative, whether fiction or nonfiction. A writing coach can help a professional share expertise, a business owner sell a product, an academic report on research, or a student complete an application or course essay. He or she will benefit poets, short story writers, and novelists, as well as authors of nonfiction works, including articles, reports, and book manuscripts. A writing coach helps elicit the writer’s experience and expertise, guides the writer to develop a creative, productive spatial and temporal environment, and trains the writer to craft effective prose. He or she helps the writer find the heart of the content, what works and what needs work, how to carry out research and conduct interviews, and how to frame and organize the material (and what to include and what to leave out). A writing coach helps the writer focus, provides an objective perspective, and guides and encourages. A writing coach is like a personal trainer for a writer. A writing coach is a mentor. Writing coaches are likely to charge writers more per hour for their services, but their role is ultimately less costly than that of a developmental editor or copy editor, or even a proofreader. A writer may consult with a writing coach for only a few hours in all, but even if this stage in the writing process takes longer, it is probably well worth the expense you’re virtually guaranteed to benefit from the relationship, and to get that much closer to completion of the project and eventual publication. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†A While vs AwhilePersonification vs. Anthropomorphism